摘要
高密度储氢是制约氢燃料电池汽车发展的技术瓶颈之一,相较于高压气态和低温液态等储氢方式,固态储氢体积储氢密度高、安全性好,发展前景良好。分析和总结了燃料电池电动汽车的应用对车载固态储氢的技术要求,包括固态储氢材料的储氢密度、吸放氢动力学、热力学、可逆性、循环寿命、成本以及安全性等;介绍了氢化镁、硼氢化物、铝氢化物、氨基化物等高密度储氢材料的储氢原理及其优缺点,综述了纳米化改性、催化剂改性、元素掺杂改性和构筑复合储氢体系等改善高密度固态储氢材料性能方法,重点评述了采用不同改进措施的氢化镁、硼氢化物、铝氢化物、氨基化物的研究进展。通过分析对比不同体系以及不同改进措施下的固态储氢材料及其性能,总结出研发采用轻质多孔框架材料并配合高效轻质催化剂的复合材料,是改善固态储氢性能的有效途径。
Hydrogen energy is a kind of renewable energy with high efficiency,wide sources and pollution-free.The hydrogen fuel cells are one of the alternatives for powering vehicles.However,high mass density hydrogen storage is a technical bottleneck restricting the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles at present.Hydrogen can be normally stored in gaseous,liquid and solid states.The gaseous hydrogen storage has high mass hydrogen storage density but its volumetric hydrogen storage density is relatively low.Moreover,it is difficult to continuously increase the pressure of storage cylinder when it has reached to 70 MPa.In addition,the high storage pressure increases the energy consumption when the hydrogen compression,and causes certain potential safety risk.The cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage has a relatively high hydrogen storage density but the liquefication process may consume nearly 30%of the stored energy.Also,the liquid hydrogen storage requires special insulated containers,which are generally costly and not suitable for vehicle on-board applications.Compared with gaseous and liquid hydrogen storages,some of the solid materials have advantages in mass density,cost and safety.The volumetric density of solid hydrogen storage is higher than gaseous type,but its mass density is greatly affected by the mass of material.The solid hydrogen storage with high mass density is expected to meet the hydrogen storage targets set by the United States Department of Energy and International Energy Agency,and has potential for on-board applications.The on-board application of solid hydrogen storage is one of the research directions at present.Principle of solid hydrogen storage can be divided into physical adsorption and chemical adsorption according to the form of hydrogen storage in the material.Physical adsorption refers to the adsorption of molecules through van der Waals force,but the weak force between adsorbent and adsorptive leads to a low hydrogen storage density.Chemical adsorption refers to hydrogen atoms occupy the
作者
王亚雄
钟顺彬
孙逢春
Wang Yaxiong;Zhong Shunbin;Sun Fengchun(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China;National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《稀有金属》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期796-812,共17页
Chinese Journal of Rare Metals
基金
中国工程院院地合作项目(2020-FJ-XY-12)
福建省自然科学基金项目(2017J01690)资助。
关键词
车载储氢
固态储氢材料
金属氢化物
配位金属氢化物
on-board hydrogen storage
solid hydrogen storage materials
metal hydride
coordination metal hydride
