摘要
学术意义上重建夏史的工作,至少在司马迁的时代就已开始。就夏史和夏文化研究而言,有两个层面或意义上的夏史和夏文化:史籍文献学层面意义上的夏史与夏文化,考古学层面意义上的夏史与夏文化。据现存吉光片羽有关夏的文献资料,从国家行政机构的建构形态看,夏国家行政机构无论与商周,还是与以后的秦汉相比,都具有一种“原生性”特质。夏社会阶级结构的特征是族社首领、官吏和剥削者的三位一体,族社成员、臣民和被剥削者的三位一体。尚无后世意义上的独立的、个体剥削者,不存在独立的、个体被剥削者。据现有资料,夏已形成与原始社会迥然不同的具有鲜明国家色彩的主流意识形态,即“家天下”之国家观、“九州”之天下观和“祀夏配天”之宗教观。
The work of reconstructing the history of Xia in the academic sense has begun at least in the time of Sima Qian.As far as the study of Xia history and Xia culture is concerned,there are two levels or meanings of Xia history and Xia culture:Xia history and Xia culture in the sense of historical records;Xia history and Xia culture in the sense of archaeology.According to the existing literature about Xia by Jiguang Katyu,from the perspective of the construction form of the state administrative organization,the Xia state administrative organization has a featureof“primitiveness”whether compared with the Shang and Zhou Dynasties or the later Qin and Han Dynasties.The characteristics of the Xia social class structure are the trinity of the clan leader,the officials and the exploiters,and of the clan members,the subjects and the exploited.Therewas no independent,individual exploiter in the sense of modern academic study,and there is no independent,individual exploited.According to the existing information,Xiaformed a mainstream ideology with distinct national characteristics and completely different from the primitive society,namely,the national concept of“family world”,the world concept of“Jiuzhou(nine administrative divisions)”and the religious concept of“offering sacrifices to Xia’s ancestors andTiandi(God of Heaven)”.
作者
李学功
LI Xuegong(Huzhou Development Research Institute,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China)
出处
《湖州师范学院学报》
2022年第7期81-89,共9页
Journal of Huzhou University
关键词
夏
文献资料
行政机构
阶级结构
意识形态
Xia
documentation
administrative organizations
class structure
ideology
