摘要
高邮王念孙、王引之父子是举世公认的清代乾嘉学派最杰出代表,《高邮王氏四种》中,精彩的校勘、训诂实例举不胜举,其间贯穿着他们的科学理念和科学方法。梁启超将王氏父子的治学方法总结为六点:注意、虚己、立说、搜证、断案和推论。这已涵括了王氏父子“科学的研究法”之大要。不过,其中有的并非“研究法”,比如“立说”和“断案”;有的则语焉而未详,尚可补充,如“搜证”。“搜证”首先要寻绎文理,其次还要有系统的观念,即掌握一部书或一个时代遣词造句的“通例”。这两点都是王氏父子所最擅长者。在对梁启超所列的六条列举实例加以阐释和补充的同时,多以俞樾的相关研究做比较。指出王氏父子的局限性,正是为了更好地继承他们留下的宝贵遗产。
Wang Niansun and Wang Yinzhi,the father and son of Gaoyou,are the world-renowned outstanding masters of the Qianjia School of the Qing Dynasty.In their four academic works,there are countless wonderful examples of collation and exegesis,in which their scientific ideas and methods are carried through.Liang Qichao summarized their academic methods into six points:observing carefully and discovering problems,bewaring of subjective thoughts,establishing theories,searching for evidence,drawing conclusions,reasoning by analogy.They already cover the main idea of the“scientific research methods”of Wang Niansun and Wang Yinzhi.However,some of them are not“research methods”,such as“establishing theories”and“drawing conclusions”,some are not detailed and can be added,such as“searching for evidence”.To search for evidence,first of all,we should explore and deduce the context and clues of articles,and then we should have a systematic concept,that is,we should master the“general rules”of words and sentences in a book or an era.Both of them are what Wang Niansun and Wang Yinzhi are best at.In this article,examples will be given to explain and supplement the six points listed by Liang Qichao.In order to show the wisdom of Wang Niansun and Wang Yinzhi,Yu Yue is often compared.Finally,we will point out the limitations of Wang Niansun and Wang Yinzhi’s exegetical methods,which is to better inherit their valuable legacy they left behind.
作者
汪维辉
Wang Weihui(Center for Studies of History of Chinese Language/School of Literature,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China)
出处
《现代语文》
2022年第8期4-11,F0002,共9页
Modern Chinese
关键词
王念孙
王引之
训诂方法
科学性
局限
Wang Niansun
Wang Yinzhi
exegetical methods
the scientific nature
limitations
