摘要
建立新业态从业人员职业伤害保障制度是当前现实的迫切需要,其核心问题是解决职业伤害如何归责以及责任大小的确立。职业伤害本质是雇佣关系条件下劳动力资产在使用过程中受到损害。雇佣关系判断依据是劳动者是否出让劳动力使用权,从业人员依据与平台是否存在雇佣关系区分为被雇佣者与独立生产者,独立生产者伤害风险自负。依据汉德公式(B<PL),存在雇佣关系的从业人员职业伤害如何归责取决于双方预防成本与损害后果的大小比较。调查某外卖平台上海浦东某站点用工现状、骑手管理措施、职业伤害致因、预防手段,比较平台与骑手预防成本和损害后果,结论为平台预防成本总体低于从业人员,职业伤害归责平台,但从业人员履行必要预防义务的成本低于损害后果,承担部分共同责任。研究为现行新业态从业人员职业伤害保障制度设计提供了一个值得争鸣的理论视角,可以丰富现有工伤保险归责与补偿的理论研究。
The need for establishing an occupational injury protection system for workers in new business forms is urgent.The core of this system is the determination of liability and the extent of liability.Occupational injuries are essentially damages to laborers being employed in the production process.Workers are classifi ed as employees or independent contractors depending on whether they are employed by digital platforms.Independent contractors themselves bear the risk of injuries.Based on the Hand Formula(B<PL),who is liable for the injury of employees depends on the comparison between preventive costs and consequences of the injury.By investigating delivery riders of an online food delivery platform in Pudong,Shanghai,and comparing preventive costs and consequences of the injury,this paper concludes that the overall preventive costs of the platform are lower than that of the riders,thus the platform should be liable for occupational injuries.Meanwhile,for the riders,the cost of the necessary preventive measure is lower than consequences of the injury,so the riders bear part of the responsibility.This study provides a theoretical perspective for the design of the occupational injury protection system for workers in new business forms,and enriches the theoretical research on the liability and compensation of employment injury insurance.
作者
余飞跃
Yu Feiyue(School of Public Administration,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)
出处
《社会保障评论》
CSSCI
2022年第3期81-97,共17页
Chinese Social Security Review
基金
国家社会科学基金年度项目“突发公共卫生事件中‘感染’的职业伤害归责与风险保障体系研究”(20BGL212)。
关键词
新业态从业人员
职业伤害
汉德公式
预防成本
workers in new business forms
occupational injury
the Hand Formula
preventive costs
