摘要
儒家伦理的“义利之辨”构成了“差序格局”的内在核心张力。由此中国人在既有角色关系义利交织下的中庸式人际实践,常常体现为通过“克己复礼”的“和谐法则”化解名利资源矛盾,以维系相对和谐的“普通人缘关系”。在此基础之上,伦理化的交往获致关系发展则更多地致力于未来可能有长远利益回报而又不能明确预期之“施报法则”作用下的“恩义负欠关系”建构,以至于彼此相互施报的义利深化可能发展成为适用于“需求法则”的铁哥们式“深度感情关系”。由此,某种超越“社会自我主义”基础而趋于弹性动态化自然外推的“人缘取向”,充分展现了“我为人人,人人为我”之义利长远阴阳转化的拿捏进退之道,亦即某种中庸式“推己及人”而“义利共生”之儒道互补的深层文化传统。这构成了差序式人伦关系维系及拓展之“差序格局”的本质特征。
The debate between righteousness and benefit has constituted the internal tension of the “the differential mode of association”. The Chinese people, each with an assigned role in a network of ascribed relationship,practices moderate social interaction by showing how to use the harmonious principle of“restraining oneself and returning to the rites”to resolve the conflict over fame, gain and resources and sustain harmony in general human relationship. Compared to this, the interaction and relationship developed from ethical interaction is characterized by“indebtedness and reciprocity rule”based on long-term rewards and somewhat uncertain reciprocity, so that the“gratitude-owed relationship”may develop into a“faithful-buddy relationship”under the need rule. Therefore, the popularity orientation, with a dynamic and expanding nature, surpasses beyond social egoism and represents delicate balance of the relationship principle of“one for all and all for one”,which underlies the deep foundation of the traditional righteousness and benefit structure of the complementarity of Confucianism and Taoism. In my opinion, this is the essence of the maintenance and development of human relationship under the principle of“the differential mode of association”.
作者
沈毅
Shen Yi(School of Social and Behavioral Sciences,Nanjing University)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期92-108,M0005,M0006,共19页
Open Times
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“儒家道德社会化路径研究”(项目编号:16ZDA107)
江苏省社会科学基金重点项目“义利张力下的社会关系实践及理论研究”(项目编号:21SHA002)的阶段性成果。
关键词
人缘取向
义利之辨
差序格局
儒道互补
施报法则
popularity orientation
debate between righteousness and benefit
the differential mode of association
the complementarity of Confucianism and Taoism
indebtedness and reciprocity rule
