摘要
鲁迅的《柔石〈二月〉小引》是柔石《二月》接受史上的第一篇论文,在“悲剧动因”“典型人物”“艺术技巧”“现实意义”四个视野上开启了《二月》接受的新视阈,不仅助力了《二月》在新文学史上的经典地位,也对后来的接受者产生了深远的影响。不过,鲁迅的视阈效应一方面生成了有效的接受环链,另一方面也使《二月》的接受渐入视点交融、视界重合的尴尬。“二月”作为象征,既是写萧涧秋在时间上仅在芙蓉镇上待了二个月,也在时代环境上予以透视:那料峭肃杀如寒风凛冽的氛围即如二月。作品不仅写了军阀混战造成的生灵涂炭,也揭示了乡言可畏、流言杀人、愚昧吃人的可悲现实。封建道德似无形之人,战争如有形之手,罪恶之本,它不仅使底层的农民家破人亡,也使立志济世救人的知识青年深陷重围,不得不以失败告终。小说以萧涧秋的人生遭际和文嫂的悲剧命运为线索,揭示了人道主义理论的破产和战争戕害百姓的残酷现实,表达了作者对战争的憎恶和对底层百姓的深刻同情,也使文本的反战主题得以凸显。而将《二月》视为“五四”以来“非战文学”发展史上一部承上启下的巅峰之作,其独特的文学价值更能凸显。这也是走出鲁迅的光影打开《二月》接受新视阈的有益尝试。
“Introduction to Rou Shi’s February by Lu Xun is the first paper in the acceptance of February. It opens a new horizon of accepting February in terms of its tragic motivation,typical characters,artistic skills and practical significance,which not only ensures its position as canon in the new Chinese literary history,but also has a profound influence on the later readers. However,Lu Xun’s visual threshold,on the one hand,produces an effective chain of acceptance,and gradually places the acceptance of February in the dilemma of perspective blending and horizon overlapping on the other. February as a symbol not only describes the two months that Xiao Jianqiu spent in Hibiscus Town,but also suggests the contextual era:the social atmosphere is as chilly as February. The work describes the untold sufferings caused by the warlordism and reveals the tragic fact that the villagers’ gossiping is dreadful,rumors can kill people and ignorance erodes human beings. Feudal morality exists like an invisible man,whereas the war is like a visible hand and the root of evil,which not only destroys the families of poor peasants,but also makes the intellectual youth who are determined to help the world fall into pitfalls and doomed to failure. Based on the life experiences of Xiao Jianqiu and the tragic fate of Widow Wen,the novel reveals the bankruptcy of humanitarian theory and the cruel reality that the war kills people,expressing the author’s hatred of the war and deep sympathy for the people at the bottom of the heap,and highlighting the anti-war theme of the text. Regarded as a peak connecting the preceding and the following era of the development of Chinese pacifist literature since the May 4th Movement,February gets more prominence concerning its literary values. This is also a beneficial attempt to open up a new acceptance perspective of February,which goes beyond Lu Xun’s influence.
作者
陈思广
金洋洋
CHEN Si-guang;JIN Yang-yang
出处
《吉林大学社会科学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期213-221,240,共10页
Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA191)。
关键词
鲁迅研究
鲁迅
柔石
《二月》
接受
反战
Lu Xun Studies
Lu Xun
Rou Shi
February
acceptance
anti-war
