摘要
结冰是生活中一种很普遍的自然现象,然而冰的积聚会对人类的生产生活、交通运输、航空航天等方面产生一系列不良的影响,轻则引起经济损失,重则造成安全事故。传统的除冰方式主要包括机械除冰、热力除冰、化学除冰等,存在高能耗、高污染、高成本、低效率等问题。近些年,开发具有防冰性能的材料已经成为研究热点。受荷叶、猪笼草等生物的启发,人们仿生出超疏水型涂层、润滑型涂层来防止材料表面结冰。此外,通过对酷寒地带生物的研究,人们探索了抗冻蛋白的防冰机制,这为仿生防冰高分子材料的开发提供了新的思路。本文首先对防冰材料的防冰机理和性能要求,以及冰粘附强度的测试装置进行了基础性介绍,并对当前研究的超疏水型涂层、润滑型涂层、抗冻蛋白、应力局部化涂层等防冰材料在防冰、疏冰领域应用的优势和存在的问题进行了分析讨论,最后展望了防冰材料的应用前景和发展趋势。
Icing is a quite common natural phenomenon in our daily life. However, undesired ice accretion causes a series of adverse effects on indivi-dual and public activities, and sometimes paralyzes traffic and transportation system, or even power generation and supply system, resulting in enormous economic losses and safety issues. Traditional methods for solving icing problem are based on active processes, mainly including mechanical deicing, heating, chemical treatment, etc. And these strategies are either time consuming, environmentally hazardous, costly or inefficient. In the last decade, designing and deploying materials that can assist the removal of ice have received growing interests. Inspired by creatures such as lotus leaves and pitcher plants, people have created superhydrophobic coatings and slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces(SLIPSs) to prevent freezing behavior on the surface of materials. In addition, the anti-icing mechanism of antifreeze proteins have been explored by studying organisms in the cold zone, which paves a new approach for the novel design of biomimetic anti-icing polymer materials. In this review, we firstly give a fundamental introduction on the mechanism and performance requirements of anti-icing materials, as well as the apparatus for testing the ice adhesion strength. Then we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of currently existing anti-icing surfaces, e.g. superhydrophobic coatings, lubricating coatings, antifreeze proteins and stress-localized surfaces. Finally, we share our prospective views on potential applications and future development trends of artificial anti-icing materials.
作者
刘晨
丁德一
李逸辰
姚东东
李天宇
郑亚萍
LIU Chen;DING Deyi;LI Yichen;YAO Dongdong;LI Tianyu;ZHENG Yaping(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710129,China;Queen Mary University of London Engineering School,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710129,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第16期258-264,共7页
Materials Reports
基金
航空科学基金(2018ZF53)
陕西省教育厅大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202010699377)。
关键词
防冰
除冰
超疏水涂层
润滑型涂层
抗冻蛋白
冰的粘附强度
仿生材料
anti-icing
deicing
superhydrophobic coating
lubricating coating
antifreeze protein
ice adhesion strength
biomimetic material
