摘要
为科学防控新疆草地水土流失以及揭示不同草地管理措施的侵蚀调控机理,选取新疆伊犁河谷两种土壤类型(灰钙土、棕红土)草地,于2019-2020年监测4种坡面管理小区(退化草地、水平沟、增渗孔、枯草覆盖)的产流产沙数据,探讨不同措施的产流产沙规律以及对降雨、土壤类型的响应特征。结果表明:(1)短历时、高强度的偶然性暴雨(C雨型)是草地水土流失的主导侵蚀性降雨,高降雨量、长历时的大雨(B雨型)出现频次最多,但对草地水土流失影响最小,连续降雨条件下,即使雨量、雨强(A雨型)较低,也会对草地造成较大侵蚀;(2)各措施在C雨型下的产流产沙量显著高于A,B雨型,增渗孔和退化草地在A雨型下的平均产流量大于B雨型,枯草覆盖和水平沟表现出相反结果,产沙量在不同雨型条件下均为退化草地>增渗孔>水平沟>枯草覆盖;(3)不同措施的侵蚀调控效果因土壤类型而异,枯草覆盖在棕红土草地的减流效果最好,水平沟可更好地削减灰钙土草地产流,各措施在棕红土草地的产沙量均大于灰钙土草地。因此,对退化草地进行辅助管理可有效减缓水土流失,枯草覆盖和水平沟的减流抑沙效果优良,可在新疆草地水土流失防控中推广与应用。
In order to prevent and control water erosion of grassland in Xinjiang and reveal the erosion control mechanism of different grassland management measures,we selected two kinds of soil(gray calcareous soil,brown-red soil)grasslands in Yili Valley of Xinjiang,and measured runoff and sediment yields of four management measures(degraded grassland,level trench,infiltration hole and grass mulching)from 2019 to 2020.The characteristics of runoff and sediment yield and responses to rainfall,soil types under different measures were discussed.The results showed that:(1)short duration and high intensity occasional rainstorm(C-type rainfall)was the dominant erosive rainfall of grassland erosion;the frequency of heavy rain(B-type rainfall)with high rainfall and long duration was the most,but it had the least impact on soil erosion;under the condition of continuous rainfall,even if the rainfall and rainfall intensity(A-type rainfall)were low,the grassland could be seriously eroded;(2)the runoff and sediment yield of each measure under C-type rainfall was significantly higher than that of A-type and B-type rainfalls;the average runoff yield of infiltration hole and degraded grassland under A-type rainfall was higher than that of B-type rainfall,while the results of grass mulching and level trench were opposite;the order of sediment yield was degraded grassland>infiltration hole>level trench>grass mulching under any rainfalls;(3)the erosion control effect of different measures varied with different soil types,the runoff reduction effect of grass mulching on brown-red soil grassland was the best,and level trench reduced runoff yield of gray calcareous soil grassland better;the sediment yield of each measure in brown-red soil grassland was greater than that in gray calcareous soil grassland.Therefore,the auxiliary management of degraded grassland can effectively reduce soil and water loss.The effect of reducing runoff and sediment is excellent in grass mulching and level trench,which can be popularized and applied in the preventi
作者
李政
胡桂清
瞿涛
张鹤鑫
张文太
李燕刚
艾克拜尔·伊拉洪
LI Zheng;HU Guiqing;QU Tao;ZHANG Hexin;ZHANG Wentai;LI Yangang;AIKEBAIER Yilahong(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes/College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期62-69,共8页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41761059)
自治区科技援疆计划项目(2020E0205)
南京农业大学-新疆农业大学联合资助项目(KYYJ201903)。
关键词
产流产沙
草地管理措施
降雨类型
土壤类型
runoff and sediment yield
grassland management measures
rainfall types
soil types
