摘要
后金天聪二年(1628年),卫拉特蒙古土尔扈特部在其首领和鄂尔勒克率领下,大部西迁至伏尔加河流域生活,后在乾隆三十六年(1771年)东归故土。清政府最初将其安置于额尔齐斯河流域、塔城、额敏、博罗塔拉(即今博尔塔拉)、伊犁等地。然而,接踵而来的痘疫、饥困、气候变化、复生痘疫等因素,致使彼时“人困马乏”的土尔扈特部众雪上加霜,造成人口减少。本文通过乾隆朝满文档案等,主要从上述四方面对土尔扈特部东归后初期人口减少的原因进行分析和探讨。
In the second year of the Tiancong(1628), under the leadership of Kho ?rl?g, most of the Turghut Mogols of ?let moved west to live in the Volga River Basin, and then returned to their hometown in the 36th year of Qianlong(1771). The Qing government initially settled them in the Erchis River Basin, Tarbahatai,Emin, Borotala, Ili and other regions. However, the ensuing pox epidemic, hunger and poverty, climate change and other factors made it even worse for the Turghuts at that time, resulting in a sharp reduction in population. Based on the Manchu archives of the Qianlong years, this paper mainly analyzes and discusses the reasons for the population reduction after the eastward return of the Turghuts in the Qianlong years.
出处
《西部蒙古论坛》
2022年第2期24-29,M0003,共7页
Journal of the Western Mongolian Studies
