摘要
财政补贴作为推动新兴产业发展的重要政策工具,往往具有双重目标,既促进市场规模增长,又激励产业技术进步,从而使产业快速步入良性持续发展的轨道。为实现上述目标,我国新兴产业的财政补贴主要投放于产业内的厂商和相关科研机构,但在新能源乘用车行业,则以购车补贴方式直接投放到消费端,这种需求侧财政补贴(简称“需求侧补贴”)的效果如何呢?本文应用2013—2019年全国200余个城市乘用车月度销量数据和充电桩建设数据,研究了新能源乘用车需求侧补贴对市场推广及技术创新的影响。研究发现,从经济机理上看,需求侧补贴与供给侧补贴都能促进市场份额和技术创新的提升;从现实效果来看,需求侧补贴总体上贡献了约30%的新能源乘用车市场份额增长,而2017年1月、2019年3月两次补贴调整,分别使市场份额下降约79%和15%,技术创新水平亦对补贴较为敏感。总体而言,在新兴产业发展初期,市场需求和技术创新对需求侧补贴响应明显,补贴及其调整基本实现了推动市场规模扩张和倒逼技术升级的政策目标,显著地推动了产业调整升级;补贴调整对市场有明显冲击,基础设施补贴对需求侧补贴的替代作用有限。未来新兴产业市场的推广政策应着重考虑通过激励创新提高产品性价比和市场认同度,处理好需求侧补贴与基础建设补贴的替代关系,科学设计补贴模式、标准与环节等。
As an important policy to promote the development of emerging industries,government subsidies often have dual objectives:to promote market growth and to motivate technological progress in these industries which can then enter the track of sound and sustainable development sooner.In order to achieve the above goals,the financial subsidies for China’s emerging industries are mainly invested in industrial manufacturers and related scientific research institutions,but in the electric vehicle industry,they directly go to the consumer side in the form of car purchase subsidies.Then what is the effect of such demand-side subsidies?Based on monthly passenger car sales data and the data of charging stations built of more than 200 cities in China from 2013 to 2019,this paper studies the impact of demand-side subsidy on market promotion and technological innovation of the electric vehicle market.From the perspective of economic mechanism,both demand-side subsidy and supply-side subsidy can increase the market share and promote technological innovation.In terms of real-life effect,demand-side subsidies contributed about 30%of the market share growth of electric vehicles,while the two subsidy adjustment policies in January 2017 and March 2019 reduced the market share by about 79%and 15%respectively,and the technological innovation level was also sensitive to subsidies.In general,in the early stage of emerging industries,market demand and technological innovation respond significantly to demand-side subsidies.Subsidies and their adjustments basically achieve the policy goal of promoting market expansion and technological upgrading.The subsidy adjustments have significant impacts on the market,and the infrastructure subsidy cannot effectively replace the demand-side subsidy.In the future,promotion policies for emerging industries should focus on improving products’cost performance and market recognition by encouraging innovation,properly handling the substitution relationship between demand-side subsidy and infrastructure s
作者
郭晓丹
邴昕煜
蒲光宇
GUO Xiaodan;BING Xinyu;PU Guangyu(Dongbei University of Finance and Economics,116025)
出处
《财贸经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第8期119-134,共16页
Finance & Trade Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“供给侧结构性改革下东北地区创新要素结构分析与优化对策研究”(18ZDA042)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国新兴产业震荡的识别、影响与干预研究”(71873025)
教育部人文社科规划项目“企业更替视角下东北工业波动与政策影响研究”(71873025)。
关键词
需求侧补贴
新能源乘用车
补贴“退坡”
市场增长
技术创新
Demand-Side Subsidy
Electric Vehicle
Subsidy Decline
Market Growth
Technological Innovation
