摘要
为促进我国全氟辛基磺酸及其盐类和全氟辛基磺酰氟(PFOS/PFOSF)的削减和逐步淘汰,防控环境风险,迫切需要对淘汰、废弃的含PFOS/PFOSF产品、副产物以及生产和使用过程中产生的含PFOS/PFOSF废物进行安全无害化处理处置.调研和数据分析结果表明,2021年我国已停产PFOSF,2002—2020年我国PFOS/PFOSF的生产总量约为2120 t.我国典型含PFOS/PFOSF液态废物包括废弃消防泡沫、消防泡沫使用后收集的残液、废弃电镀镀液、工艺或清洗废水、废有机溶剂,以及固态/半固态废物有蒸(精)馏釜残、废水处理污泥、污染土壤、电镀滤渣、废吸附剂和过滤材料等.目前针对液态废物,可行的PFOS/PFOSF非破坏处理技术主要有活性炭和树脂吸附、膜滤、混凝,可行的PFOS/PFOSF破坏处理技术有焚烧/水泥窑、超声降解和亚/超临界水处理技术,但在应用时都有一定的前置条件;针对固态/半固态废物,可行的PFOS/PFOSF非破坏处理技术包括稳定化和废物填埋,而焚烧/水泥窑是目前最为可行的PFOS/PFOSF破坏处理技术.建议根据我国典型含PFOS/PFOSF废物的特点采取相应可行的处理处置技术,在应用成熟技术的同时,适当尝试采用亚/超临界水处理技术、超声降解技术以及其他较新的技术;对PFOS/PFOSF物质含量≥50 mg/kg的废物采用可行的破坏技术处置,对PFOS/PFOSF物质含量<50 mg/kg的废物经稳定化预处理后方可进入填埋场.
In order to promote the reduction and phase-out of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride(PFOS/PFOSF),and prevent and control environmental risks,it is urgent to carry out safe and harmless treatment of the products,by-products and wastes containing PFOS/PFOSF produced during production and use.The survey and data analysis show that China stopped production of PFOSF in 2021,and the total production of PFOS/PFOSF during 2002-2020 is about 2120 t.Typical liquid wastes containing PFOS/PFOSF include waste firefighting foam,residual liquid collected after use of firefighting foam,waste electroplating solution,process or cleaning wastewater,waste organic solvent,etc.Solid/semisolid wastes include distillation(rectification)still residue,wastewater treatment sludge,contaminated soil,electroplating filter residue,waste adsorbent and filter material,etc.At present,the feasible non-destructive treatment technologies for PFOS/PFOSF liquid wastes mainly include activated carbon and resin adsorption,membrane filtration and coagulation.The feasible PFOS/PFOSF destruction treatment technologies include incineration/cement kiln,ultrasonic degradation and sub/supercritical water treatment,but they all have certain preconditions in their application.For solid/semisolid wastes,feasible PFOS/PFOSF non-destructive treatment technologies include stabilization and landfill,and incineration/cement kiln is currently the most feasible PFOS/PFOSF destructed treatment technology.It is recommended to adopt appropriate treatment and disposal technologies according to the characteristics of typical PFOS/PFOSF wastes,while applying mature technologies,try to adopt sub/supercritical water treatment technology,ultrasonic degradation technology and other relatively new technologies.Wastes with PFOS/PFOSF content≥50 mg/kg should be treated with PFOS/PFOSF destruction technologies,and wastes with PFOS/PFOSF content<50 mg/kg can be landfilled after stabilization pretreatment.
作者
张磊
郑哲
陈文静
宁禹航
陈自强
王坚
杜涛
ZHANG Lei;ZHENG Zhe;CHEN Wenjing;NING Yuhang;CHEN Ziqiang;WANG Jian;DU Tao(National Environmental Engineering Technology Center for Hazardous Waste Treatment,Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shenyang 110167,China;School of Metallurgy,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100035,China;Shenyang Huanke Testing Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110167,China;Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry,Shenyang 110021,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第8期1974-1985,共12页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFC1802100)
全球环境基金-中国PFOS优先行业削减与淘汰项目(No.CS16)。
