摘要
在日本江户时代,儒学与兰学都发挥了重要影响。儒学以其“仁义”“礼”“文”等普遍价值和普世意义,在江户时代被广泛接受,基于儒学普遍性价值的日本型华夷思想在“夷夏”可变的流动性原理下,将中国文明相对化,主张日本文明的个体性,但并未沦为排斥他者的国粹主义,在日本的自他认识中发挥着重要作用。同样作为外部思想的兰学也为日本学人提供了一套新的知识体系,将既有一切知识体系相对化,但由于缺乏普遍性的价值基准,兰学的影响最终局限在天文、地理等工具性范围,其相对化作用反被国学者利用,成为强化日本“皇国”绝对主义的工具。儒学和兰学虽同样发挥相对化作用,却走向截然不同的方向,这一命运分歧背后所浮现的正是日本独特的思想接受土壤。
During the Edo period in Japan,both Confucianism and Western learning played an important role.Confucianism was widely accepted in the Edo period for its universal values and universal meanings such as benevolent love,righteousness,justice.The distinction between Hua and Yi of Japanese-style based on the universal values of Confucianism.Under the principle of the distinction between Hua and Yi,it relativized Chinese civilization and advocated the individuality of Japanese civilization,but it did not degenerate into the ultranationalism that excludes others,and plays an important role in Japan’s self-recognition.As an external thought,Western learning also provided a new type of knowledge systems for Japanese scholars,relativizing all existing knowledge systems.However,due to the lack of universal value like Confucianism,the influence of Western learning was ultimately limited to astronomy,geography,etc.The scope of instrumentality,and its relativization,has been used by Japanese classical scholars,and it has become a tool to strengthen absolutism of Japan’s“imperial state”.Although Confucianism and Western learning play the same role of relativization,they are heading in completely different directions.What emerges behind this divergence of fortunes is the unique soil of Japan’s ideological acceptance.
出处
《国际儒学（中英文）》
2022年第2期129-137,162,共10页
International Studies on Confucianism
关键词
相对化
儒学
普遍主义
华夷观
兰学
relativism
Confucianism
universalism
the distinction between Hua and Yi
Western learning
