摘要
目的了解北京市重型汽车零部件生产企业工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的患病情况并分析影响因素,为制定有效干预措施提供依据。方法于2019年5月—2020年10月,采用方便抽样方法抽取北京市3家重型汽车零部件生产企业工人为调查对象,采用自行设计的电子问卷收集人口学信息、工作情况和各部位WMSDs发生情况等,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析患病率较高部位WMSDs的影响因素。结果调查264人,其中男性260人,占98.48%;女性4人,占1.52%;年龄为(31.71±6.13)岁;本岗位工龄为(7.51±5.25)年。以机修工为主,129人占48.86%。WMSDs患病率为70.08%,其中下背/腰、肩、颈和上背WMSDs患病率较高,分别为41.28%、40.15%、39.02%和33.33%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.280,95%CI:1.021~1.602)和工作中保持低头姿势(OR=2.644,95%CI:1.034~6.763)是患颈WMSDs的危险因素;女性(OR=1.633,95%CI:1.624~2.117),钣金工、机修工和漆工(OR:5.811~10.452,95%CI:1.205~54.027),以不舒服姿势工作(OR:1.376~7.749,95%CI:1.034~27.270)和经常加班(OR=2.081,95%CI:1.192~4.137)是患肩WMSDs的危险因素;钣金工、机修工和漆工(OR:8.760~11.948,95%CI:1.630~66.927),以不舒服姿势工作(OR:4.067~12.185,95%CI:1.332~47.523)和经常加班(OR=2.201,95%CI:1.142~4.244)是患腰背WMSDs的危险因素。结论重型汽车零部件生产企业工人WMSDs患病率较高,多发生在肩、颈和腰背部位,工种、工作姿势和工作时间是主要影响因素。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of occupational musculoskeletal disorders among workers in heavy-duty automobile parts factories in Beijing Municipality,so as to provide insights into development of effective interventions for occupational musculoskeletal disorders.Methods The workers in three heavy-duty automobile truck parts factories in Beijing Municipality were recruited using the convenient sampling method during the period from May 2019 to October 2020.Subjects'demographic characteristics,type of job and prevalence of occupational musculosk⁃eletal disorders at various sites were collected using self-designed electronic questionnaires,and the factors affecting the development of occupational musculoskeletal disorders were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.Re⁃sults A total of 264 workers were enrolled,including 260 males(98.48%)and 4 females(1.52%).The participants had a mean age of(31.71±6.13)years,and mean duration of(7.51±5.25)years at current position,and mechanical technician was the major type of work(129 workers,48.86%).The prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders was 70.08%among the participants,and high prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders was found in the lower back/waist(41.28%),shoulder(40.15%),neck(39.02%)and upper back(33.33%).Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified females(OR=1.280,95%CI:1.021-1.602)and head-down posture at work(OR=2.644,95%CI:1.034-6.763)as risk fac⁃tors for occupational musculoskeletal disorders at neck;females(OR=1.633,95%CI:1.624-2.117),sheet metal workers,mechanical technicians and painters(OR:5.811-10.452,95%CI:1.205-54.027),working in an uncomfortable posture(OR:1.376-7.749,95%CI:1.034-27.270)and frequent working overtime(OR=2.081,95%CI:1.192-4.137)as risk factors for occupational musculoskeletal disorders at shoulder;and sheet metal workers,mechanical technicians and painters(OR:8.760-11.948,95%CI:1.630-66.927),working in an uncomfortable posture(OR:4.067-12.185,95%CI:1.3
作者
罗环
梁婧
张非若
贾宁
王忠旭
王如刚
LUO Huan;LIANG Jing;ZHANG Feiruo;JIA Ning;WANG Zhongxu;WANG Rugang(Occupational Health Examination Center,Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100020,China;Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)
出处
《预防医学》
2022年第8期809-815,共7页
CHINA PREVENTIVE MEDICINE JOURNAL
基金
中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(131031109000150003)。
