摘要
目的分析2015-2020年北京市门头沟区手足口病监测结果,为制定科学防控措施提供依据。方法收集2015-2020年在北京市门头沟区哨点医院儿科门诊被诊断为手足口病病例的咽拭子样本和流行病学资料,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测肠道病毒,并对流行病学资料进行分析。结果共收集手足口病咽拭子样本432件,检出阳性282件,阳性检出率为65.28%,主要病原体为Cox A6型肠道病毒。不同年份手足口病检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.431,P=0.020),其中2016年检出率最高(72.81%),2020年检出率最低(38.46%)。不同年份手足口病不同血清型构成比差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),2015-2016年以其他肠道病毒为主(47.17%和34.94%);2017、2018年和2020年以Cox A6型肠道病毒为主(81.08%、73.91%和100.00%);2019年以Cox A16型肠道病毒为主(75.00%)。手足口病的流行具有明显季节性,发病高峰为5-11月。手足口病病例中3岁年龄组检出率最高(75.32%)。散发病例和聚集性疫情不同血清型构成比相似,均以Cox A6型肠道病毒为主,分别占43.67%和38.46%,其次为Cox A16型肠道病毒分别占29.39%和33.33%。不同血清型病例出现发热和出疹的比例差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.026,P<0.001),Cox A6和其他肠道病毒病例发热的比例(89.34%和84.75%)高于Cox A16和EV71病例(48.24%和35.29%)。结论2015-2020年北京市门头沟区手足口病主要由Cox A6型肠道病毒引起,每年流行的病原体不同,应加强病原学监测。
Objective To analyze the surveillance result of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)and provide a basis for prevention and control measures.Methods From 2015 to 2020,throat swab specimens were collected among clinically diagnosed HFMD cases in surveillance hospital in Mentougou district.Real-time PCR was used to detect the enterovirus.Results A total of 432 throat swab samples were collected from HFMD cases,of which 282 throat swab samples were positive,with a positive detection rate of 65.28%.The mainly pathogen was Cox A6 enterovirus.There were significant differences in the positive detection rates of HFMD in different years(χ^(2)=13.431,P=0.020).The highest positive detection rate was 72.81%in 2016 and the lowest was 38.46%in 2020.There were significant differences in the serotypes of HFMD in different years(P<0.05).In 2015-2016,HFMD was mainly caused by other type enteroviruses(47.17%and 34.94%,respectively);in 2019,HFMD was mainly caused by Cox A16 type(75.00%);in 2017-2018 and 2020,HFMD was mainly caused by Cox A6 type(81.08%,73.91%and 100.00%).The prevalence of HFMD was seasonal trend with a peak distribution from May to November,during 2015-2020.The positive detection rate of 3-year-old children was highest(75.32%).The serum spectrum of sporadic and cluster outbreak cases were same,with the highest serotype being Cox A6(43.67%and 38.46%),followed by Cox A16(29.39%and 33.33%).There were significant differences in the incidence of fever and rash among different serotypes(χ^(2)=20.026,P<0.001),and the proportions of fever in CoxA6 and other enterovirus types(89.34%and 84.75%)were higher than that in Cox A16 and EV71(48.24%and 35.29%).Conclusions From 2015 to 2020,HFMD were mainly caused by Cox A6 enterovirus,the dominant enterovirus types were different every year.It is necessary to strengthen the etiological surveillance.
作者
赵香菊
刘海涛
吕秋艳
王晨旭
ZHAO Xiang-ju;LIU Hai-tao;Lü Qiu-yan;WANG Chen-xu(Mentougou District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 102300,China)
出处
《首都公共卫生》
2022年第3期165-168,共4页
Capital Journal of Public Health
