摘要
钙钛矿电池作为一种新兴的太阳能电池,具有制造成本低、轻质化、柔性等优点,而且在光电转化效率提升和降本方面的潜力都很大。不足之处是尺寸小和稳定性差。钙钛矿电池研发成果层出不穷,部分成果已获得商业支持,正在进行初步产业转化。美国处于钙钛矿电池技术领先地位,而且正在投入大量资金用于研发。从组件对比来看,钙钛矿电池比单晶硅电池拥有组件成本优势。假设钙钛矿组件稳定性能够满足使用要求,寿命25年,将其与成熟的晶硅电池电站做经济性的初步比较。结果表明,虽然钙钛矿电池制造成本低,但由于其转换效率低,要达到与单晶硅相同的输出功率需要更多组件。使用钙钛矿组件相比单晶硅组件,单瓦静态投资和动态投资分别增加1.2%和1.4%,加之钙钛矿组件实际使用寿命尚不能达到商业寿命20年以上,其经济性并不理想,今后的关键还是要提高转换效率和稳定性。光伏发电行业发展需要新的技术,钙钛矿电池未来有着广阔的应用场景。针对目前面临的技术瓶颈,研究者普遍采用添加元素或改进涂布工艺、与晶硅或者其他电池叠层等技术来尝试突破。
As an emerging solar cell,perovskite cell has the advantages of low manufacturing cost,light weight and flexibility,and has great potential in improving photoelectric conversion efficiency and reducing cost.Its disadvantages include small size and poor stability.Numerous achievements in the research and development of perovskite cell emerged in an endless stream,and some of them received commercial support and are undergoing preliminary industrial transformation.The United States leads in perovskite cell technology and is invest-ing heavily in its research and development.Compared with monocrystalline silicon cell,perovskite cell has advantage in component cost.Assuming that the stability of perovskite components can meet the service require-ments and the service life is 25 years,the economy of the perovskite components is preliminarily compared with that of mature crystalline silicon cell power stations.The results show that although perovskite cell is cheap to manufacture,more components are required to achieve the same output power as monocrystalline silicon due to its low conversion efficiency.Compared with monocrystalline silicon components,the static investment and dynamic investment per watt of perovskite components increase by 1.2% and 1.4% respectively.In addition,the actual service life of perovskite components cannot reach the commercial life of more than 20years,so its economy is not ideal.The key in the future is to improve conversion efficiency and stability.The development of photovoltaic power generation industry requires new technologies,and perovskite cells have broad application scenarios in the future.In view of the current technical bottlenecks,researchers generally try to make breakthroughs by using technologies such as adding elements or improving the coating process and stacking with crystalline silicon or other cells.
作者
潘莹
张帆
高华
Pan Ying;Zhang Fan;Gao Hua(CHN Energy Technology&Economics Research Institute,Beijing 102211)
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2022年第7期23-28,共6页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
钙钛矿电池
组件成本
转换效率
稳定性
经济性
叠层电池
perovskite cell
component cost
conversion efficiency
stability
economy
stacked cell
