摘要
为了探讨氮肥运筹在调控胡麻磷素营养方面的潜力,通过2个土培试验,研究了氮肥用量及等量氮肥的施用时期、比例对胡麻磷素积累和磷素利用的影响。结果表明:施氮显著增加了植株体内的磷素积累量;0.1 g N/kg土及0.2 g N/kg土的氮肥全部作为基肥施用,成熟期植株体内的磷素积累量较不施氮肥分别提高了24.83%和34.23%;0.2 g N/kg土的氮肥,100%基肥(F_(1))、2/3基肥+1/3现蕾追肥(F_(2))、1/2基肥+1/2现蕾追肥(F_(3))、1/6基肥+5/6枞形追肥(F_(4))、1/6基肥+1/3枞形追肥+1/2现蕾追肥(F_(5))5种施用方式下,F_(2)、F_(3)、F_(4)、F_(5)的植株体内磷素积累量,较F_(1),枞形、现蕾、青果和成熟期分别增加了14.17%~32.60%、9.32%~66.20%、20.47%~36.35%和4.65%~31.04%,且增幅依F_(2)、F_(3)、F_(4)、F_(5)的顺序增加;基肥追肥结合且基肥比例≤1/2的施氮方式,均有效促进了磷的吸收,F_(3)、F_(4)、F_(5)协助磷素累积的效果依次增加。施氮协同提高了磷素吸收效率及磷肥偏生产力;F_(5)比F_(1)、F_(2)、F_(3)、F_(4),植株干物质积累量和籽粒产量分别提高了7.89%~22.02%和9.59%~26.71%,磷素吸收效率和磷肥偏生产力分别提高了10.58%~31.04%和9.59%~26.71%,磷素干物质生产效率降低了2.42%~7.43%。氮磷的吸收具有协助作用,一定范围内氮肥用量的增加提高了氮磷之间的协助作用;等剂量的氮肥,基肥和追肥结合比全部作为基肥施用可更好地发挥氮磷吸收之间的协助作用;基肥占比小于1/2、现蕾期追肥比例1/2左右,是胡麻较好的促生又促进磷素吸收累积和提高磷肥偏生产力的氮肥运筹方式,但该方式下的磷素干物质生产效率及磷素籽粒生产效率均较低。
To explore the potential of nitrogen(N)fertilizer management in regulating phosphorus(P)nutrition of oil flax,two soil culture experiments were used,and the response of P accumulation and utilization of oil flax to N fertilizer amount,application period and ratio was studied.The results showed that N application significantly increased P accumulation in plants.Compared with no N fertilizer,0.1 g N/kg soil and 0.2 g N/kg soil,all applied as basal fertilizer,increased P accumulation in mature plants by 24.83%and 34.23%,respectively.When N fertilizer of 0.2 g N/kg soil was set in the following five application modes:100%basal fertilizer(F_(1)),2/3 basal fertilizer+1/3 top dressing in budding period(F_(2)),1/2 basal fertilizer+1/2 top dressing in budding period(F_(3)),1/6 basal fertilizer+5/6 top dressing in fir-shaped period(F_(4)),1/6 basal fertilizer+1/3 top dressing in fir-shaped period+1/2 top dressing in budding period(F_(5)),P accumulation in oil flax plants of F_(2),F_(3),F_(4) and F5 increased by 14.17%-32.60%(fir-shaped period),9.32%-66.20%(budding period),20.47%-36.35%(green fruit period)and 4.65%-31.04%(mature period),respectively,compared with that of F_(1),and the increasing range was in the order of F_(2),F_(3),F_(4) and F_(5).The N application mode of basal fertilizer combined with topdressing,accompanied by basal fertilizer ratio≤1/2,effectively promoted P absorption,and the synergy effect of F_(3),F_(4) and F_(5) on P accumulation increased sequentially.N application synergistically improved P absorption efficiency and P fertilizer partial factor productivity.Compared with F_(1),F_(2),F_(3) and F_(4),F_(5) increased plant dry matter accumulation and grain yield by 7.89%-22.02%and 9.59%-26.71%,respectively,and improved P absorption efficiency and P fertilizer partial factor productivity by10.58%-31.04%,and increased phosphorus absorption efficiency and phosphorus partial productivity by10.58%-31.04%and 9.59%-26.71%,respectively,reduced P dry matter production efficiency by 2.42%-7.43%.The synergy e
作者
郭丽琢
杨波
高玉红
牛俊义
GUO Lizhuo;YANG Bo;GAO Yuhong;NIU Junyi(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070;State Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070;Longnan Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Wudu,Gansu 746000)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2022年第21期24-31,共8页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家现代农业特色油料产业技术体系专项“养分管理与高效施肥”(CARS-14-1-16)
甘肃省自然科学基金“胡麻倒伏机理及抗倒伏调控技术研究”(1107RJZA160)。
关键词
氮肥用量
氮肥施用时期
胡麻
磷素积累量
磷素利用
nitrogen fertilizer amount
nitrogen fertilizer application period
oil flax
phosphorus accumulation
phosphorus utilization
