摘要
【目的】为了探讨不同类型植被系统对水分的调蓄功能,为水源涵养林营造和管理提供科学依据。【方法】以12年生杉木人工纯林、马尾松人工纯林、马尾松与柠檬桉混交人工林等3种不同类型林分及天然的矮小灌木丛作为研究对象,测定林分的生物量、植被层对降水的截留量、植物组织含水量、土壤容重、土壤含水量、土壤毛管孔隙度、土壤渗透性能等,分析不同植被生态系统的调蓄水量能力。【结果】植被层持水能力,土壤最大持水力、最小持水力、毛管持水力、贮水力和表土层的初渗和稳渗速率均为混交林大于纯林,乔木林大于于灌木丛;植被层截留降水能力,混交林大于纯林,杉木纯林大于马尾松纯林,乔木林大于灌木丛;减少地表径流的能力,乔木林显著高于灌木丛。【结论】植被层持水能力不仅取决于植物生物量,植物组织的有机组成也决定着其大小。土壤的持水力和储水力与土壤物理性能关系密切,都取决于植被类型和根系的密度和长度。林冠截留能力与树木冠形和林冠层空间结构特征有关,混交林的复合冠层截留效应优于冠层结构单一的纯林。层次结构复杂的植被类型减少地表径流的能力比层次简单的植被类型强。灌草本层及地表枯死物量降低地表径流作用,只有在完整的乔木层和良好的土壤条件等诸因素的配合下才能充分显示出来。独立的灌木草本群落低地表径流和抑制洪峰作用远不及结构复杂的森林群落。在促进土壤发育,改善土壤物理性能,提高调蓄水分能力的作用上,乔木林大于灌木群落,深根系树种群落大于浅根系树种群落。水土保持林的营造上,应营造层次结构复杂的深根系树种的混交林。
【Objective】The purpose of this study was to explore the water regulation and storage functions of different types of vegetation systems,to provide a scientific basis for the construction and management of water conservation forests.【Method】Taking the 12-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata pure forest,Pinus massoniana pure forest,the mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and Eucalyptus citriodora and natural shrubs as the research objects,various indexes were determined,including the biomass of the stand,rainfall interception by vegetation layers,the water content of plant tissues,soil bulk density,soil moisture,soil capillary porosity and the water storage capacities of different vegetation ecosystems.【Result】Indicators such as the water-holding capacity of the vegetation layer,the maximum and minimum water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity,water storage capacity of soil and the initial infiltration and stability rate of the topsoil layer were higher in the mixed forest than those of the pure forests,which were higher in arbor forests than those of shrubs.In terms of the precipitation interception capacity of vegetation layers,the mixed forest showed a higher content than the pure forests,the pure Cunninghamia lanceolata forest showed higher values than the Pinus massoniana forest,and the tree forest exhibited higher values than shrubs.The arbor forest showed a significantly higher ability to reduce surface runoff than that of shrubs.【Conclusion】The water holding capacity of vegetation layers depends not only on plant biomass but also on the organic composition of plant tissues.Soil water holding capacity and water storage capacity are closely related to soil physical properties,which depend on the vegetation type and root density and length.The interception ability is related to the tree canopy shape and spatial structure characteristics of the canopy.The interception effect of the composite canopy of the mixed forest is better than that of the pure forests with a single canopy structure.
作者
陈日升
康文星
何介南
黄志宏
CHEN Risheng;KANG Wenxing;HE Jienan;HUANG Zhihong(Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry&Ecology in South China,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province,Huitong 418307,Hunan,China)
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期108-116,共9页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500204)。
关键词
植物群落
持水力
贮水力
渗透性能
林冠截留
调蓄能力
plant community
water retention
water storage
permeability performance
canopy interception
storage capacity
