摘要
为探讨天山中段南坡巴伦台植物群落物种多样性随海拔梯度的分布特征及其与土壤环境因子的关系,该研究采用野外调查的方法,在和静县巴伦台地区海拔范围内设置34个样地进行了植物多样性和土壤因子的调查及室内指标的统计分析。结果表明:(1)研究区共调查到30科75属134种植物,草本层为主要优势层。不同海拔高度上土壤理化指标具有异质性,土壤含水量、全盐、有机质、全氮、全钾、有效氮和有效钾差异性显著(P<0.05),其中除全钾以外,其他土壤因子的含量均表现为中海拔大于低、高海拔区域。随海拔的升高,植物群落在低、高海拔段Pielou均匀度指数较高;灌木层物种Patrick丰富度指数较低;草本层物种Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数随海拔升高先增加后减小。(2)RDA分析表明,影响植物群落物种多样性的主要环境因子是海拔、土壤含水量、全盐、有机质、全氮和有效氮。海拔作为主导因子,与草本层各物种多样性指数呈正相关,与灌木层各物种多样性指数呈负相关关系;全盐是抑制植物群落总体物种Simpson指数的主要土壤因子;氮元素一定程度上限制灌木、半灌木物种的生长。该研究结果表明土壤因子对不同生活型物种多样性的形成具有一定的筛选作用及不同物种对环境变化的适应策略不同。
In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of plant community species diversity with elevation gradient and its relationship with soil environmental factors on the southern slope of the middle part of Tianshan Mountains.We set up 34 sample plots in the elevation range of Baluntai area of Hejing County for statistical analysis and indoor indexes of plant diversity and soil factors by using field survey method.The results were as follows:(1)A total of 134 species in 75 genera of 30 families were recorded in the study area,and the herbaceous layer was the dominant layer.Soil physicochemical indexes were heterogeneous at different elevations,with significant differences(P<0.05)in soil water content,total salt,organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium,available nitrogen and available potassium,among which all soil factors except total potassium were higher at middle elevations than at low and high elevation zones.With the increase of elevation,the plant communities had higher Pielou evenness index in the low and high elevation zones;the Patrick richness index of shrub layer species was lower;Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index of herbaceous layer species increased and then decreased with elevation.(2)RDA analysis showed that the main factors affecting the species diversity of plant communities were altitude,soil water content,total salt,organic matter,total nitrogen and available nitrogen.Elevation,as the dominant factor,was positively correlated with the diversity indexes of each species in the herbaceous layer,and was negatively correlated with the diversity indexes of each species in the shrub layer;Total salt was the main soil factor that suppressed the Simpson index of the plant community as a whole;Nitrogen limited the growth of shrub and semi-shrub species to a certain extent.The results of this study indicate that soil factors have a screening effect on the formation of diversity of different living species and different adaptation strategies of different species to environmental changes.
作者
马紫荆
张云玲
刘彬
MA Zijing;ZHANG Yunling;LIU Bin(College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land,Urumqi 830054,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology,Urumqi 830054,China;Grassland Station of Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830049,China)
出处
《广西植物》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期1116-1125,共10页
Guihaia
基金
国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(31360039,32160271)
新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅重点实验室“新疆特殊环境物种多样性应用与调控重点实验室”项目
新疆师范大学校级重点实验室“干旱区植物逆境生物学实验室”项目。
关键词
植物群落
物种多样性
海拔梯度
土壤理化指标
巴伦台
plant community
species diversity
elevation gradient
soil physicochemical index
Baluntai
