摘要
科技研发应当遵循“科技向善”的理念,科技伦理与安全审查机制的建立十分重要。科技伦理与安全审查机制是生物安全风险防控和治理体系建设的重要组成部分,科技伦理与安全审查从“形式要件”到“实质要件”,均应当体现实体伦理正义和程序伦理正义的科技善治。我国应当构建科技伦理与安全审查二元体系结构:在内部审查结构中,制定具有统一性的科技伦理与安全审查实体性规则、程序性规则,从审查方式、审查标准、审查类型、主体法律责任四个方面对科技研发行为和科技产出成果予以规范。在外部审查结构中,建立信用机制及负面清单制度,形塑公众参与式审查模式,以期从源头有效规避科技伦理与安全风险。
Science and technology research and development should follow the concept of"science and technology for good",and the establishment of science and technology ethics and safety review mechanisms is very important.The scientific and technological ethics and safety review mechanism is an important part of the construction of the biosafety risk prevention and governance system.In order to ensure that the order value of scientific and technological innovation is not destroyed,the scientific and technological ethics and safety review must be transparent from"formal elements"to"substantial elements",rigorous and standardized.At present,China has formulated many norms in terms of scientific and technological ethics and safety review.However,there are many overlapping and complicated contents between the norms,and the level of effectiveness is also low.Therefore,the dual structure of China’s science and technology ethics and safety review mechanism should be shaped.Establish a scientific review mechanism from two aspects:internal review structure and external review structure.In the internal review structure,an independent review agency should be established.From the perspective of functions and scope of authority,the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee and the Local Science and Technology Ethics and Safety Review Committees are independent review organizations,and they have the entitlements to formulate science and technology ethics and safety review standards.In terms of the scope of review obligations,the science and technology ethics committee shall be obliged to disclose the review information of science and technology projects,the handling of major science and technology ethical risk events,and the review decisions of science and technology projects in accordance with the law.The linkage between review agencies can effectively avoid potential hidden dangers of scientific and technological ethics and safety,so as to ensure that the review subjects can be fully covered and coordinated.The review agency
作者
杨博文
YANG Bo-wen(College of Humanities and Social Development,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)
出处
《科学学研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期1163-1171,共9页
Studies in Science of Science
基金
江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2021SJA0067)
中国博士后科学基金第71批面上资助项目(2022M712014)。
关键词
科技伦理
安全审查机制
生物安全
科技向善
science and technology ethics
safety review mechanism
biosafety
tech for social good
