摘要
本文从历史发展溯源、从业人员能力、服务范围、资源取向等四方面构建了一个“社会工作”与“公益”的比较框架,并以两个“社会工作”与“公益”的服务集聚空间作为案例进行比较分析。研究发现,“社会工作”是“专业的慈善”,较看重从业人员的社会服务能力,重点是为弱势群体提供社会服务,倾向于政府资源占主导的取向。与之相比,“公益”则是“广泛的慈善”,更注重从业人员的项目管理能力,其包含更加广泛的服务范围,具有偏好市场与社会的资源取向。因此,本文认为“社会工作”与“公益”之间属于“同源分流”的关系,并对日后两者的融合发展提出建议。
In recent years,there have been two major changes in the social field of China:the emerging social work profession and the vigorous development of philanthropy forces.The government and academia are both promoting the integration between social work and philanthropy.On the one hand,previous studies argue that the relationship between social work and philan-thropy is“homology and differentiation”,and on the other hand,some studies try to merge social work into philanthropy,and believe that philanthropy can make up for the shortcomings of social work,such as the emphasis on technical and clini-cal competence,the lack of in-depth service,and more dependent on the government for resources.Therefore,it is necessary to further compare the differences between social work and philanthropy and to better establish an understanding of social work and philanthropy development.Based on this,this paper builds a comparative framework of social work and philanthropy from the aspects of histori-cal development,practitioner competence,service field and resource orientation,to understand their homology and differenti-ation.From the perspective of historical development,social work is“professional charity”,and has developed unique pro-fessional methods,professional education and specialized personnel based on charity;while philanthropy is“broad charity”,and is more extensive and diverse in terms of objects,activities and ideas.From the perspective of the practitioner compe-tence,social work emphasizes the social service competence with both micro and macro orientations,which not only has technical micro requirements,but also has macro orientation such as reflection consciousness and structural orientation;while philanthropy pays more attention to project management competence related to the overall operation and management of the project.From the perspective of the service field,social work often provides social services to alleviate difficulties and solve needs problems for the vulnerable groups;while philanthropy cover
作者
李学斌
雷杰
蔡天
LI Xuebin;LEI Jie;CAI Tian
出处
《社会工作》
2022年第4期41-53,103,104,105,共16页
Journal of Social Work
