摘要
Metallic sodium(Na)is believed to be a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its low electrochemical potential,high theoretical specific capacity,superior electrical conductivity,and so on.However,issues such as high chemical activity,the growth of Na dendrites,large volume change,and unstable interface impede its practical application.We design a cheap iron(Fe)-based substrate decorated by a thin liquid metal Ga layer for stable and dendrite-free Na metal anodes in low-cost carbonate electrolytes.The inherent mechanism of Ga-based liquid metal in inhibiting the growth of Na dendrites was revealed for the first time.Liquid metal Ga with sodiophilic property can act as nucleation seeds to decrease the nucleation barrier and induce homogeneous Na+flux,resulting in uniform and dendrite-free Na deposition.Full cells with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) cathode were also assembled to verify the practical application ability of the modified Na metal anode.Under the regulation of the liquid metal layer,the Coulombic efficiency,cycling life,and capacity of batteries are obviously enhanced.The strategy proposed here cannot only reduce the cost of batteries but also improve their electrochemical and safety performance.
基金
the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972198
62133007)
Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Nos.tsqn201812002,ts20190908)
the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020JQ19)
the Project of the Taishan Scholar(No.ts201511004)。
