摘要
为了揭示周年施氮对复播大豆土壤有机质、养分和酶活性的后效及叠加效应的影响,并从中筛选出提高冬小麦-夏大豆轮作体系农田土壤肥力和周年产量的施氮组合。以冬小麦-夏大豆为研究对象,于2017~2019年采用裂区试验,前茬麦季设置4个施氮水平:0 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(0))、104 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(1))、173 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(2))、242 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(3));复播大豆设置3个施氮水平:0 kg·hm^(-2)(S_(0))、69 kg·hm^(-2)(S_(1))、138 kg·hm^(-2)(S_(2)),探究周年不同施氮组合对复播大豆土壤有机质、养分含量、土壤酶活性和周年产量变化规律的影响。结果表明:在大豆不施氮条件下,麦季施氮越多对大豆季土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量以及土壤蔗糖酶和夏大豆产量的促进作用越明显。在麦季不施氮条件下,大豆季施氮越多越有利于增加土壤有机质、全氮含量以及土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性和夏大豆产量,而土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量和土壤蔗糖酶活性均随豆茬施氮量的增加呈先升后降的趋势,基本在豆茬N0S1施氮处理达到最大。在麦季各施氮基础上,与豆季S2施氮各组合处理基本能显著提高土壤全氮含量,而与豆季S1施氮的各组合处理基本有利于提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量以及土壤酶活性和产量,且与豆季S0各组合处理基本呈显著差异。相关性分析表明,复播大豆产量与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾及蔗糖酶活性均呈极显著正相关,与土壤脲酶呈显著正相关。因此,对于冬小麦-夏大豆轮作体系的施氮,要周年统筹安排,前茬麦季施氮量大,后茬相对要小,否则即使具有固氮能力的大豆也需要施一定的氮肥。在本试验条件下,麦季施氮水平为173 kg·hm^(-2)时,大豆季再施69 kg·hm^(-2)的周年氮肥组合,不仅有利于提高夏大豆土壤养分含量和酶活性,而且夏大豆产量和�
In order to reveal the effects of annual nitrogen application on the after-effects and superimposed effects of soil nutrients and enzyme activities of multiple sowing soybeans,the combination of nitrogen application to improve soil fertility and annual yield of winter wheat-summer soybean rotation system was selected.The winter wheat-summer soybeans were used as the research objects.The split area test was adopted in 2017~2019,and 4 nitrogen application levels were set up in the previous wheat season:0 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(0)),104 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(1)),173 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(2)),242 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(3));three levels of nitrogen application for multiple seeding soybeans:0 kg·hm^(-2)(S_(0)),69 kg·hm^(-2)(S_(1)),138 kg·hm^(-2)(S_(2)),to explore the effects of annual different nitrogen application combinations on the soil organic matter,nutrient content,soil enzyme activity and annual yield of multiple seeding soybeans.The results showed that under the condition of no nitrogen application in soybeans,the promotion effects on soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium content,soil invertase and summer soybean yield in the soybean season were the more obvious when the more nitrogen applied in the wheat season.Under the condition of no nitrogen application in the wheat season,when more nitrogen was applied in the soybean season,it was more beneficial to increase the soil organic matter,total nitrogen content,soil catalase,urease activity,and summer soybean yield,while soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and soil invertase activity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of soybean nitrogen application,and basically reached the maximum in soybean N0S1 nitrogen treatment.On the basis of the nitrogen application in the wheat season,the combined treatments with the soybean season S2 nitrogen application significantly increased the soil total nitrogen content,and the combined treatments with the bean seas
作者
房彦飞
徐文修
符小文
唐江华
张永杰
杜孝敬
安崇霄
张娜
廖思鹏
FANG Yan-fei;XU Wen-xiu;FU Xiao-wen;TANG Jiang-hua;ZHANG Yong-jie;DU Xiao-jing;AN Chong-xiao;ZHANG Na;LIAO Si-peng(College of Agronomy,Xinjing Agricultural University,Urumqi Xinjing 830052)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期64-72,共9页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31760371)。
关键词
冬小麦-夏大豆周年轮作
氮肥
土壤养分
土壤酶活性
产量
winter wheat-summer soybean annual rotation
nitrogen fertilizer
soil nutrient
soil enzyme activity
yield
