摘要
侧铣头是数控铣床或者加工中心的一种附件,其刀具旋转中心线可以和主轴旋转中心线成一定角度,不需要加装第四轴就可以加工垂直刀具无法接触到的加工面,从而达到无需改变机床结构就可以增大其加工范围和适应性的效果,并能减少工件重复装夹,提高加工精度和效率。该方法大大节约了加工成本和加工时间,对利用三轴机床加工四轴零件具有非常重要的应用价值;但是在编程中由于侧铣头的刀具旋转中心线和机床主轴旋转中心线具有一定角度,其编程方式和后处理设计较普通铣床或加工中心有很大的区别,特别是在加工侧面孔或者凹面特征时,如果后处理设计不当,在判断进刀、退刀时一旦选择平面(G17/G18/G19)出错,会导致圆弧插补的方向出错以及进退刀的优先方向出错,造成撞坏工件或者损坏机床的后果。通过TCL语言对该后处理进行定制,达到自动判断实际加工时需要的(G17/G18)平面,并且进行稳定的圆弧插补、直线插补、进刀和退刀,保证加工的安全性和准确性;除此以外还加入了人性化的刀具列表和参数错误报警,为操作技师提供了很好的辅助参考;最后通过仿真实验证明该后处理定制可以很好地在侧铣头加工中稳定、高效的使用,并获得较好的加工效果。
The side milling head is an accessory of the CNC milling machine or machining center.Its tool rotation centerline can form a certain angle with the spindle rotation centerline.It can machine the processing surface that cannot be touched by the vertical tool without adding a fourth axis.Therefore,the effect of increasing the processing range and adaptability of the machine tool without changing the structure of the machine tool can be achieved,and the repeated clamping of the workpiece can be reduced,and the processing accuracy and efficiency can be improved.The method greatly saves the processing cost and processing time,and has very important application value for processing four-axis parts with a three-axis machine tool.However,in programming,since the tool centerline of the side milling head and the centerline of the machine tool spindle have a certain angle,the programming method and post-processing design are very different from those of ordinary milling machines or machining centers,especially when machining side holes or concave features.If the post-processing design is improper,once the selected plane(G17/G18/G19)is wrong when judging the advance and retraction,the direction of the circular interpolation and the priority direction of the advance and retraction will be wrong,consequences of crashing the workpiece or damaging the machine.The post-processing was customized through TCL language to automatically determine the(G17/G18)plane required for actual processing,and perform stable arc interpolation and linear interpolation,as well as advance tools and retract tools to ensure the safety and accuracy of processing.In addition,a user-friendly tool list and parameter error alarm were added,which provide a good auxiliary reference for the operator.Finally,the simulation experiment proves that the post-processing customization can be used stably and efficiently in the machining of the side milling head,and obtains a better machining effect.
作者
王钧
李玮
王周梅
陆绍敏
刘斌
WANG Jun;LI Wei;WANG Zhoumei;LU Shaomin;LIU Bin(School of Machinery and Transportation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)
出处
《现代制造工程》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期75-82,共8页
Modern Manufacturing Engineering
