摘要
传统知识包括民间文艺、生物遗传资源相关传统知识及其他传统知识。惠益分享尤其跨国分享是传统知识保护的核心目标之一,但却很少能够落到实处。现有研究多关注传统知识保护的伦理论证和制度形塑,而忽视了惠益分享的实现机理和实证分析。结合不同类型传统知识的流动管制方式及惠益分享的现实案例,发现强管制的生物遗传资源相关传统知识制度建设和惠益分享实现方面表现更好,而弱管制的民间文艺及其他传统知识更难实现惠益分享。据此,中国传统知识制度的发展,应通过事实占有和出口管制保障生物遗传资源相关传统知识惠益分享的实现;以保存、传承、发扬作为民间文艺和其他传统知识工作的核心,避免惠益分享制度的跃进式建设。
Traditional knowledge includes folk literature and art,traditional knowledge about biological genetic resources and other traditional knowledge.Benefit sharing,especially transnational sharing is one of the core objectives of traditional knowledge protection,but it is rarely implemented in reality.Most of the researches focus on the ethical argumentation and institutional structure in traditional knowledge protection,but ignore the realization mechanism and empirical analysis of benefit sharing.From the perspective of knowledge flow regulation,this paper analyzes the differences of various types of traditional knowledge in the realization of benefit sharing.It is found that the traditional knowledge system related to biogenetic resources under strict control is better protected and the benefit sharing is better realized,while the benefit sharing in folk literature and art and other traditional knowledge which are under weak control is more difficult to be realized.Based on these findings,some suggestions are put forward:it is necessary to ensure the realization of benefit-sharing of traditional knowledge associated with biological genetic resources through factual possession and export controls;it is advisable to preserve,inherit,and promote the folk literature and art and other traditional knowledge,so as to avoid leaping-forward construction of the benefit-sharing system.
作者
张军荣
刘利
ZHANG Jun-rong;LIU Li
出处
《中南民族大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第7期108-115,185,共9页
Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Humanities and Social Sciences)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“产权结构对高校专利转化绩效的影响研究”(72004238)
国家民委项目“少数民族非物质文化遗产知识产权保护的困境与对策研究”(MSY20004)。
关键词
传统知识
民间文艺
遗传资源
惠益分享
出口管制
traditional knowledge
folk art
genetic resources
benefit sharing
export control
