摘要
尿素和其他非蛋白氮化合物作为反刍动物日粮中植物和动物蛋白质的经济替代品,已有百年之久。最初由于缺乏反刍动物日粮中添加合理剂量尿素的科学认识,导致动物因尿素中毒而死亡,阻碍了其在反刍动物日粮中的广泛应用。后来的大量实验表明,尿素在许多饲养条件下都是安全有效的,可以作为反刍动物日粮的组成成分。目前,反刍动物瘤胃尿素和其他非蛋白氮化合物代谢机理的研究取得了突破性进展。文章通过综述反刍动物瘤胃微生物氨吸收作用及其机制,讨论了在胃肠道中尿素代谢和氨代谢中的尿素循环及尿素饲喂的科学知识。为通过饲料和饲养管理调控尿素氮再循环,促进微生物对尿素氮的利用、合成和代谢,从而减少氮的浪费并提高反刍动物的氮利用率提供参考。
Urea and other non-protein nitrogen compounds in the ration of ruminants as an economical replacement of vegetable and animal proteins have been investigated for more than 100 years.Initially,the death of animals from urea toxicity owing to insufficient knowledge of urea feeding impeded the widespread use of urea in the diets of ruminants.However,following comprehensive research demonstrating its safety and usefulness in many feeding conditions,urea has commonly become an accepted ingredient for the diets of ruminants.A large body of information and understandings related to the mechanisms of urea and other non-protein nitrogen compound utilization has been documented.This paper discussed urea recycling in the gut,urea and ammonia metabolism by rumen microorganisms,ammonia absorption and mechanisms.It provided a reference for regulating urea nitrogen recycling through feed and feeding management,and promoting the utilization,synthesis and metabolism of urea nitrogen by microorganisms,thereby reducing nitrogen waste and improving the nitrogen utilization rate of ruminants.
作者
陈文东
郑娟善
丁学智
CHEN Wendong;ZHENG Juanshan;DING Xuezhi(Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Qinzhou District,Tianshui City,Tianshui741000,China;Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development,Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou730050,China)
出处
《中国草食动物科学》
CAS
2022年第4期56-60,共5页
China Herbivore Science
基金
甘肃省科技计划重大专项(21ZD4NA012)。
关键词
反刍动物
尿素代谢
氨代谢
尿素循环
ruminants
urea metabolism
ammonia metabolism
urea recycling
