摘要
【目的】以卡拉麦里山南部露天煤矿区为例,分析荒漠优势植物琵琶柴和周边土壤重金属的含量、富集特征和空间分布规律,评价6种重金属Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Hg、As的污染状况并探究其来源。【方法】采用数理统计方法和GIS方法分析琵琶柴重金属富集特征及空间分布关系,分析污染源评价潜在生态危险性。【结果】土壤样本Cr、Pb、As超标率大于70%,且均值都超过了昌吉州背景值,琵琶柴整株样本Hg超标率为23.08%,超标率均低于土壤,说明研究区琵琶柴受重金属的污染程度小于土壤;琵琶柴中Hg的富集系数(3.658)远大于其他元素,表明琵琶柴对Hg有极强的吸附能力,可以将琵琶柴作为矿区生态修复的优势植物进行重金属Hg的修复;除Pb外,其他元素滞留率均为正,说明在琵琶柴根部其都存在一定的耐受性;Zn、Cu主要来自地壳源,其他元素由人为因素和自然因素共同影响,尤其Hg受矿区扰动影响较大且污染严重。潜在生态危险评价结果显示土壤和植物Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、As 5种元素污染相对较轻,Hg污染较为严重,琵琶柴中Cu、Cr、As分布规律相似,可能具有同源性,琵琶柴As与土壤As空间分布相似,矿区内部和下风向是重金属污染严重的主要区域。【结论】研究区土壤中超标的元素在琵琶柴中含量较低,同时琵琶柴具有一定的耐受力,可作为优势种进行生态修复。
【Objective】The present paper aimed to take the open-pit coal mining area in southern Karamari mountains as an example,the contents,enrichment characteristics and spatial distribution of heavy metals in typical desert plant Reaummuria soongorica(Rs)and surrounding soil were analyzed.The pollution status of six heavy metals,zinc,copper,chromium,lead,mercury and arsenic(Zn,Cu,Cr,Pb,Hg,As)was evaluated and their sources were explored.【Method】Mathematical statistics and GIS methods were used to analyze the enrichment characteristics and spatial distribution of heavy metals in bipachai,analyze the pollution sources and evaluate the potential ecological risk.【Result】The over-standard rates of Cr,Pb and As in soil samples were more than 70%,and the average values exceeded the background values of Changji.The over-standard rates of Hg in Rs samples were 23.08%.The enrichment coefficient(3.658)of Hg in Rs was much higher than that of other elements,indicating that Rs has a strong tolerance to Hg.Except for Pb,the retention rate of other elements was positive,indicating that there was a certain tolerance in the root of Rs.Zinc and copper mainly came from crustal sources,while other elements were affected by both human and natural factors,especially Hg,which was heavily affected by disturbance in mining area and seriously polluted.Potential ecological hazard assessment results showed that in soil and plant,Zn,Cu,Cr,Pb,As five elements were relatively light pollution,Hg pollution was more serious.The distribution of Cu,Cr and As in Rs was similar,which might come from same sources.The enrichment ability of Rs to As was related to the content of As in soil.【Conclusion】The content of elements exceeding the standard in the soil of the study area was low in Pipa.At the same time,Pipa had a certain tolerance and can be used as a dominant species for ecological restoration.
作者
唐梦迎
夏楠
陈丽
TANG Meng-ying;XIA Nan;CHEN Li(Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection Science,Urumqi 830011,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Risk Warning,Urumqi 830011,China;Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Cleaner Production,Urumqi 830011,China;Junggar Desert-oasis Ecotone Station for Scientific Observation and Research of National Environmental Protection,Urumqi 830011,China;College of Geographical Science,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of oasis ecology,Urumqi 830046,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期1393-1400,共8页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项—科技创新基地建设(资源共享平台建设)(PT2034)
新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划青年项目(XJEDU2021Y011)
新疆维吾尔自治区“天池博士”计划项目(tcbs201821)。
关键词
矿区
土壤
琵琶柴
重金属
富集特征
Mining area
Soil
Reaummuria soongorica
Heavy metals
Enrichment characteristics
