摘要
落石是青藏高原峡谷交通道路的主要安全隐患,充分了解落石的运动特征和过程对于危险性评估及防治灾害十分重要。文章运用无人机(UAV)和三维激光扫描仪(3D laser scanner)所采集的边坡和危岩数据,使用Pix4D软件将采集数据建立为高精度三维仿真模型,并利用Unity3D对不同工况下的落石运动特征和堆积位置进行仿真分析。结合仿真分析结果在野外进行模型试验,验证了三维仿真分析方法的可行性与准确性。研究结果表明:基于三维地形仿真的高原落石运动形式更为真实和准确;当落石块体及边坡坡度越大,落石速度、加速度、位移也越大;当落石形状的球度值越大,落石的速度、加速度和位移也越大;落石以坠落式失稳比倾倒和滑动失稳的运动速度和加速度更大、位移更远。仿真分析与野外试验的速度、加速度和位移曲线拟合度R^(2)=0.956。因此,三维仿真分析方法比普通数值模拟更加精确、合理,有利于公路边坡落石灾害工程整治的设计。
Rockfall disasters are the main safety threats to traffic roads in the canyons of the Qinghai-Tibet Pla⁃teau,and a comprehensive understanding of the movement characteristics and processes of falling rocks on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is very important for risk assessment and response measures.In this study,the unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)and 3D laser scanner are used to acquire the data of slope and perilous rock,and the Pix4D software is used to build a high-precision 3D simulation model using the collected data.Moreover,The movement characteristics and deposit position of rockfalls under different working conditions are studied using Unity3D.Combined with the simulation analysis results,the model test is carried out in the field and the feasibili⁃ty and accuracy of the 3D simulation analysis method are verified.Our results show that rockfalls disaster on the Tibetan Plateau simulated by 3D terrain model is more realistic and accurate,and the rock blocks and inclina⁃tion as well as the spherical value of blocks are increased as the increasing of the falling velocity,acceleration and displacement.Our results also show that the velocity,acceleration and displacement of rockfalls instability are greater than those of dumping and sliding instability.The degree of fit(R2)of the velocity,acceleration and displacement curves of the field test and the numerical simulation is found to be 0.956.Therefore,the 3D simula⁃tion analysis method is more accurate and reasonable than the ordinary numerical simulation,and it is conducive to the design of engineering regulation for highway slope rockfall disaster.
作者
叶唐进
曹景轩
张宇
刘入源
张根
YE Tangjin;CAO Jingxuan;ZHANG Yu;LIU Ruyuan;ZHANG Gen(Department of construction engineering,Liaoning Dalian university of technology,Dalian 116024,China;College of engineering,Tibet university,Lhasa 850000,China;Sichuan College of Architectural Technology,Deyang 618000,China)
出处
《高原科学研究》
CSCD
2022年第2期60-68,共9页
Plateau Science Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41662020)
大学生创新性实验训练项目(202010694008)。
关键词
落石
青藏高原
运动特征
三维仿真
UNITY3D
rockfalls
Qinghai-Tibet plateau
movement characteristics
3D terrain simulation
Unity3D
