摘要
为探明旱地苹果不同耕作方式下适宜的施氮量,研究不同氮素水平对果实品质的影响。选择黄土高原地区长期覆沙苹果园,采用裂区试验设计方法,主区为覆沙(SM)与清耕(CT)2个处理,副区为5个氮素水平,每株施氮量分别为0(N1)、109 g(N2)、218 g(N3)、327 g(N4)和436 g(N5),配施等量的磷(P_(2)O_(5),145 g)、钾(K_(2)O,87 g)和商用有机肥6.5 kg。结果表明:(1)果园覆沙能显著提高苹果单果重、果实纵径、横径、硬度和可溶性固形物含量,比清耕分别平均提高15.3%、4.1%、5.6%、3.5%和1.8%;改善果实着色程度,果实背阴面a*、C*和FCI值分别提高了55.1%、18.5%和15.1%,覆沙苹果果实更鲜红。(2)随着施氮量的增加,苹果单果重、果实纵横径增大,果实向阳面硬度降低,果形指数、可溶性固形物、总糖、Vc含量均呈升-降的变化特征。适量施氮有利于苹果果形指数、总糖、有机酸和Vc含量以及向阳面可溶性固形物的提高。综合分析得出,施氮量为N3(179.85 kg·hm^(-2))时,果实品质最优。(3)覆沙处理贮藏期果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量维持在较高水平,保持了果实阴面红色度,FCI较清耕提高23.6%;果实贮藏品质的变化规律和程度随耕作方式和施氮量而变化,冷藏90d后,不同处理果实总糖含量提升2.47~3.29倍,Vc含量和有机酸含量则分别降低55.7%~82.7%、18.2%~50.3%;低温贮藏减弱或降低了施氮量和耕作方式对果实有机酸、Vc含量以及阴面硬度的影响。果园覆沙能显著改善果实品质,适量施氮有利于果实品质的提高,黄土高原旱塬区覆沙果园最佳施氮量为218 g·株^(-1)。
The objectives of this experiment were to explore the appropriate amount of nitrogen application under different tillage methods for apples in dry land and to study the effects of different nitrogen levels on fruit quality in order to provide the basis for accurate nitrogen application.The split-plot experiment design method was adopted in the long-term sand-covered apple orchard on the Loess Plateau.The main test area was sand-covered(SM)and clear tillage(CT),and five nitrogen levels were applied in the test secondary area.The nitrogen application rates of each apple trees were 0(N1),109 g(N2),218 g(N3),327 g(N4)and 436 g(N5)respectively while the equal amounts of phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5),145 g),potassium(K_(2)O,87 g)and commercial organic fertilizer 6.5 kg were applied.(1)The fruit weight,vertical and horizontal diameter,firmness and soluble solid content were significantly increased in the sand-covered orchard.Compared with clear tillage,the average increase was 15.3%,4.1%,5.6%,3.5%and 1.8%,respectively.The fruit coloration was improved with brighter and redder fruits.The values of A*,C*and FCI on the shady side of fruit were increased by 55.1%,18.5%and 15.1%more than that of clear tillage,respectively.(2)With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the fruit weight and vertical and horizontal diameter were increased.The fruit shape index,soluble solids,total sugar and Vc contents showed a change trend of rising first and then falling.The hardness in the fruit sunny side was decreased.An appropriate supply of nitrogen promoted the fruit shape index increased and the improvement of contents of the total sugar,organic acid and Vc and the soluble solids in the sunny side of apple.According to the comprehensive analysis,the fruit quality was the best when N application rate was N3(179.85 kg·hm^(-2)).(3)Sand covering maintained the fruit hardness and soluble solid content at the storage stage.It also maintained the chroma of fruit shady side,and increased FCI index.The degree and change regularity of fruit quality
作者
刘小勇
任静
孔芬
韩富军
彭海
李建明
李强
贾军平
温有福
LIU Xiaoyong;REN Jing;KONG Fen;HAN Fujun;PENG Hai;LI Jianming;LI Qiang;JIA Junping;WEN Youfu(Institute of Fruit and Floriculture of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China;Fruit Tree Institute of Jingning County, Jingning, Gansu 743400, China;Jingning County Fruit Industry Service Center, Jingning, Gansu 743400)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期124-134,共11页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家自然科学基金(31560540,31860204)
甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目(2019GAAS49)
甘肃省现代水果产业技术体系(S-10-18)。
关键词
氮水平
苹果
品质
果实色度
长期覆沙
nitrogen level
apple quality
fruit surface color
sand mulching for a long time
