摘要
植被恢复过程可显著影响土壤入渗性能。通过选取黄土高原典型草地白羊草和铁杆蒿草地,设置不同种植密度(5,10,15,20,25,30株/m^(2))和采用人工模拟降雨试验(60 mm/h,60 min),系统研究了草地植被特征对土壤入渗过程的影响。结果表明:(1)种植密度增加可显著延缓产流,不同种植密度下白羊草草地和铁杆蒿草地初始产流时间分别为0.76~5.74,0.87~2.08 s,且随盖度、根系生物量和有机质的增加呈幂函数增加(R^(2)≥0.18,p<0.05)。(2)不同种植密度下白羊草草地的平均入渗速率、稳定入渗速率、入渗总量分别为0.47~0.82,0.46~0.82 mm/min和7.12~11.84 mm,铁杆蒿草地分别为0.38~0.67,0.35~0.60 mm/min和5.70~10.07 mm。当种植密度为20株/m^(2)时,土壤入渗各参数均最大;平均入渗速率、稳定入渗速率、入渗量总量、入渗系数(K)随土壤有机质的提高呈幂函数增大(R^(2)≥0.26,p<0.01),衰减系数(α)随生物结皮盖度呈降低趋势(p>0.05)。(3)白羊草草地具有较高的根系生物量、生物结皮盖度和有机质含量,其初始产流时间、平均入渗速率、稳定入渗速率、入渗量总量及入渗系数(K)均不同程度高于铁杆蒿草地,衰减系数(α)低于铁杆蒿草地,土壤入渗性能较强。总体而言,对于典型退耕草地,土壤入渗总量(A)可表征为根系生物量密度(RMD)和土壤有机质(SOC)的拟合函数(A=2.77×RMD^(0.149)SOC^(0.614),R^(2)=0.663,NSE=0.653)。研究结果可为黄土高原退耕草地生态水文过程和植被建设提供数据来源和理论依据。
Vegetation restoration can significantly affect soil infiltration process.On this basis,two typical abandoned grasslands,Bothriochloa ischcemum(Linn.)Keng and Artemisia vestita Wall.ex Bess,from the Loess Plateau were studied under six planted densities of 5,10,15,20,25,and 30 plants/m^(2),and an artificial simulated rainfall experiment was adopted to determine the effect of vegetation characteristics on the soil infiltration process.The result showed that:(1)The increasing of planting density could significantly delay runoff.The initial runoff time ranged from 0.76 s to 5.74 s for Bothriochloa ischcemum(Linn.)Keng grassland and ranged from 0.87 s to 2.08 s for Artemisia vestita Wall.ex Bess grassland under six densities.The initial runoff time increased with vegetation cover,root mass density and organic matter as power functions(R^(2)≥0.18,p<0.05).(2)For Bothriochloa ischcemum(Linn.)Keng grassland,the average infiltration rate,stable infiltration rate and infiltration amount ranged from 0.47 to 0.82 mm/min,0.46 to 0.82 mm/min and 7.12 to 11.84 mm respectively;for Artemisia vestita Wall.ex Bess grassland,the infiltration parameters above mentioned ranged from 0.38 to 0.67 mm/min,0.35 to 0.60 mm/min and 5.70 to 10.07 mm respectively.When the planting density was 20 plants/m^(2),the soil infiltration parameters were the maximum.The average infiltration rate,stable infiltration rate,infiltration amount and infiltration coefficient K increased with soil organic matter as power functions(R^(2)≥0.26,p<0.01),and the attenuation coefficientαdecreased with the increase of biological crust coverage(p>0.05).(3)The initial runoff time,average infiltration rate,stable infiltration rate,infiltration amount and infiltration coefficient K of Bothriochloa ischcemum(Linn.)Keng grassland were all higher than those of Artemisia vestita Wall.ex Bess grassland,while the attenuation coefficientαwas lower than that of the attenuation coefficient.It showed that the Bothriochloaischcemum(Linn.)Keng grassland had high soil infiltrat
作者
蒋忙舟
JIANG Mangzhou(State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Engineering Informatization (FSDI), Xi’an 710043)
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期99-104,111,共7页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41771555)。
