摘要
背景:通过遗传因素对运动员进行科学选材已成为竞技体育领域中重要的研究热点。葡萄糖转运蛋白(glucose transporter,GLUT)是葡萄糖跨膜转运的重要载体,近年来的研究表明作为GLUT家族成员中的GLUT1和4,其基因多态性与有氧耐力素质和运动敏感性等运动能力存在一定的相关性。目的:综述GLUT1/4基因多态性与运动能力的关联及其机制,为运动员的科学选材提供证据。方法:第一作者于2022年1月通过计算机在中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed和Embase数据库进行检索,以“葡萄糖转运蛋白、基因多态性、运动能力、有氧耐力、力量、运动员”为中文检索词,以“Glucose transport protein、GLUT、GLUT1、GLUT4、SLC2A4、SLC2A1、single nucleotide polymorphism、SNP、athletic、sport performance、athlete、aerobic、endurance、power”为英文检索词,检索文献时限为从各数据库建库至2022年1月,根据制定好的入选标准进行多次筛选,最终纳入58篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①主要涉及的突变位点包括GLUT1基因的rs841853多态位点和GLUT4基因的rs5418多态位点,两者与运动能力的相关研究集中在有氧耐力素质和运动敏感性两个方面,且均具有显著的关联。②在有氧耐力素质关联机制方面,GLUT1基因rs841853多态位点可能通过影响葡萄糖的摄取和肺通气能力进而影响耐力素质;而在GLUT4基因中,优秀的耐力素质可能与rs5418多态位点对启动子区内DNA甲基化和转录因子的调控有关,从而使该位点多态性与运动能力存在关联。③在运动敏感性方面,缺氧诱导因子1α可能是rs841853多态位点与低氧训练敏感性产生关联的主要因素;而rs5418多态位点则可能通过IRS-1/PI3K/AKT通路导致有氧训练对不同等位基因的糖调节受损(IGR)患者胰岛素抵抗产生差异。④通过GLUT1和4基因多态性进行运动员选材可能是一种可行方法。
BACKGROUND:Scientific selection of athletes through genetic factors has become an important research hotspot in the field of competitive sports.Glucose transporter(GLUT)is an important carrier of glucose transmembrane transport.Recent studies have shown that GLUT1/4,which are the members of the GLUT family,have certain correlations between their gene polymorphisms and athletic abilities such as aerobic endurance and exercise sensitivity.OBJECTIVE:To review the association between GLUT1/4 gene polymorphisms and athletic ability and its mechanism and to provide evidence for the scientific selection of athletes.METHODS:The first author conducted a computer search in CNKI,WanFang,PubMed and Embase databases in January 2022,using“glucose transporter,gene polymorphism,exercise capacity,aerobic endurance,strength,athlete”as the Chinese search terms and“glucose transport protein,GLUT,GLUT1,GLUT4,SLC2A4,SLC2A1,single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP,athletic,sport performance,athlete,aerobic,endurance,power”as the English search terms.According to the inclusion criteria,58 articles were finally included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The main involved mutation sites include rs841853 in the GLUT1 gene and rs5418 in the GLUT4 gene.The research on the correlation between the two and athletic ability focuses on two aspects:aerobic endurance quality and exercise sensitivity,and both have significant correlations.In terms of the association mechanism of aerobic endurance quality,GLUT1 rs841853 single nucleotide polymorphism may affect endurance quality by affecting glucose uptake and lung ventilation capacity;and GLUT4 rs5418 single nucleotide polymorphism may regulate DNA methylation and transcription factors in the promoter region to yield excellent endurance quality.The polymorphism of this locus is thereby associated with athletic ability.In terms of exercise sensitivity,hypoxia-inducible factor-1αmay play a central role in triggering the association between rs841853 polymorphism and hypoxic training sensitivity.Whereas,rs5418
作者
周意男
杨琨
姜嘉怿
张思卓
朱颖文
Zhou Yinan;Yang Kun;Jiang Jiayi;Zhang Sizhuo;Zhu Yingwen(Department of Physical Education,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Henan Technician College of Medicine and Health,Kaifeng 475000,Henan Province,China;Monash University,Melbourne,VIC3800,Australia;Wuhan Business University,Wuhan 430056,Hubei Province,China;Department of Physical Education,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)
出处
《中国组织工程研究》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第5期745-750,共6页
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research
基金
上海市体育科技“雏鹰计划”项目(19C008),项目负责人:周意男
上海市体育科技“腾飞计划”项目(16T005),项目负责人:周意男
上海市科委科技创新行动计划重大基础研究项目(16JC1400503),项目参与人:朱颖文。
