摘要
在全球气候变暖和中国城市存量发展的背景下,倡导气候适应性的城市公园设计,成为缓解城市热岛效应的重要手段之一。从公园的降温范围和降温幅度2个方面,提出并定义了城市公园降温效益的测度指标,量化其对城市温度的调节能力,进而探讨有关公园设计要素对公园降温的影响。研究发现:1)城市公园能够在90m范围内产生显著的降温作用,最大降温范围可达500m;2)城市公园降温效益除了受到自身要素影响外,还会受到周边所处建成环境的影响;3)公园设计要素中面积大小、边界形态、植被覆盖度、地形变化、蓝绿空间面积比5个要素对其降温效益的发挥产生影响,且影响多为非线性;4)将降温影响要素的认知用于理想情景模拟,发现高温热点区域的面积减少超过50%。研究进一步加深了对城市公园降温效益的认识,为气候适应性的公园设计在调节城市温度方面提供参考。
In the context of global warming and the urban stock development of China,the design of urban parks that advocates climate adaptation has become one of the important means to alleviate the urban heat island effect.This study proposed and defined the measurement index of the cooling benefit of urban parks from two aspects of the cooling range and intensity of parks,quantified its ability to regulate the urban temperature,and then discussed the influence of park design elements on the cooling of parks.The results show that:1)Urban parks can produce significant cooling effects within a range of 90 meters,and the maximum cooling range can reach 500 meters.2)The cooling efficiency of urban park is not only affected by its own factors,but also by the surrounding built environment.3)Five elements of park design,including area size,boundary form,vegetation coverage,topographic change,and area ratio of blue and green space,affect the cooling efficiency,and the influences are mostly nonlinear.4)By applying the cognition of cooling factors to the ideal scenario simulation,it is found that the area of hot spots decreases by more than 50%.This study further deepens the understanding of cooling benefits of urban parks,and provides reference for climate adaptive park design in regulating urban temperature.
作者
殷若晨
方家
朱丹
胡杨
YIN Ruochen;FANG Jia;ZHU Dan;HU Yang
出处
《中国园林》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期121-126,共6页
Chinese Landscape Architecture
基金
上海市2021年度“科技创新行动计划”软科学重点项目(编号21692195000)
自然资源部大都市区国土空间生态修复工程技术创新中心开放基金“生物多样性友好型社区生境花园营造设计方法研究”共同资助。
关键词
风景园林
城市公园
热岛效应
气候适应性设计
降温效益
landscape architecture
urban park
heat island effect
climate adaptive design
cooling efficiency
