摘要
生境质量评估是流域土地利用和综合管理政策制定的重要基础。本文基于2000—2015年滇池流域的土地利用数据,通过土地利用转移矩阵分析地类转移情况,运用InVEST模型生境质量模块对流域生境质量进行评估。结果显示,2000—2005年由于城市发展重心转移,流域土地开发利用强度较低,流域内生境质量基本稳定、略有下降。2005年后,随着滇池流域开发利用强度重新增强,流域生境质量急剧退化,且随时间推移退化程度加剧,生境质量平均得分下降比例由2005—2010年下降5.00%增加到2010—2015年的5.56%。15年间,水域生境质量下降幅度最大,林地其次,草地较小。而水域和林地对维护流域生境质量具有重要意义,故需要高度重视水域和林地生境质量的恢复。而2010—2015年,“四退三还一护”工程的实施使得林地面积有所恢复,部分区县的林地生境质量退化趋势得到缓解。建议昆明市政府应严控城乡居民用地及耕地的扩张速率,减少对自然生境的侵占,推进全流域生境质量的恢复提升。
Habitat quality assessment is an important basis for making land use policies and integrated management in basins.Land use variations were analyzed through land use transfer matrix and then the habitat quality was assessed by the Habitat Quality mod⁃ule of InVEST model based on the land use data from 2000 to 2015 in Dianchi Basin.The results showcd that,due to the shift of the urban development focus between 2000 and 2005,the intensity of land development and utilization in Dianchi Basin was rela⁃tively weakened,and the habitat quality was basically stable with a slight decline.After 2005,with the increase of the intensity of development and utilization,the habitat quality in Dianchi Basin deteriorated rapidly over time.The average habitat quality deterio⁃rated with a decrease from 5.00%between 2005 and 2010 to 5.56%between 2010 and 2015.From 2000 to 2015,the quality of water habitat had declined the most,followed by forest and grassland habitats.However,the water and forest habitats are of great significance to habitat quality of the Dianchi Basin,so the managers should attach great importance to the restoration of water and forest habitats.From 2010 to 2015,due to the implementation of basin ecological restoration project,the forest area was restored to some extent,and the degradation trend of forest habitat quality was effectively relieved.It is suggested that,Kunming city govern⁃ment should strictly control the expansion rate of urban and rural lands to reduce their encroachment on natural habitats for the habitat quality restoration of the basin.
作者
廖珍梅
王烜
LIAO Zhenmei;WANG Xuan(State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation,Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science of Ministry of Education,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《三峡生态环境监测》
2022年第2期42-52,共11页
Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52070024,51679008)
国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0404505)。
