摘要
公园绿地是破碎化城市生境中鸟类重要的栖息地,其植被特征是影响鸟类活动的重要因素。山地复杂地形地貌条件下,公园植被特征对鸟类群落的影响作用尚不明确。本文以山地公园典型代表——重庆鸿恩寺森林公园中的夏季鸟类群落为研究对象,综合运用PCA主成分分析、Ward聚类分析、Pinaka指数等方法,对公园鸟类集团构成及其空间生态位重叠情况进行了分析,并重点探讨了公园植被特征对其活动与分布的影响。结果表明,鸿恩寺森林公园夏季鸟类可大致划分为6个鸟类集团;鸟类栖息、取食和运动等方面需求在空间上的互补与重合关系导致了各鸟类集团在空间生态位上的重叠与分离;乔灌草层次上的植被垂直结构特征,以及植物种类组成等对夏季鸟类群落均有着深刻的影响。研究结果将为从生态服务功能提升角度开展山地城市公园植物景观管理提供参考。
Urban parks taking important habitat responsibility for birds,and vegetation characteristics in parks are important factors affecting bird activities.However,the effect of vegetation characteristics on bird community is not clear in mountainous cities.This paper studied on the relations between the summer bird communities and the vegetation characteristics in Chongqing Hongen Temple Forest Park.According to the overall distribution of topography and vegetation,19 survey sites were randomly selected in the park.From late July to late August 2018,field surveys were carried out using the sampling point method in the time period from 06:30 to 10:00 in the morning.Investigators recorded vegetation data,including bird behavior(perching,movement,foraging)and plant community characteristics within each plot.This study analyzed the bird groups and their spatial niche overlap situations,and focused on the influence of vegetation characteristics on birds’activities and distribution.The principal component analysis(PCA),Ward’s method clustering analysis and Pinaka index were integrated in the study.The results showed that there were 30 species of summer birds in Hongen Temple Forest Park.According to the feeding habits,feeding patterns and vegetation levels,those summer birds could be divided into six groups,including:G1-Insectivorous Pickup Group in Shrub Layer,G2-Insectivore Pickup Set in Ground Cover Layer,G3-Herbivorous Pickup Group in Tree-shrub Layer,G4-Carnivorous Attack Group in Tree-shrub Layer,G5-Omnivorous Pickup Group in Tree-shrub Layer,G6-Insect-eating Flying Group.The spatial complementarity and overlap of bird habitat,foraging,and movement requirements lead to the overlap and separation of bird populations in spatial niches.And this is conducive to the rational allocation of resources for different bird species and the coexistence of parks and green spaces;the vertical structure of vegetation and the composition of plant species have a profound influence on summer bird community,among which as an importan
作者
李波
贺萌
肖红艳
LI Bo;HE Meng;XIAO Hongyan
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
CSCD
2022年第3期19-25,共7页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
国家自然科学基金(52078074)
重庆市青少年创新人才培养雏鹰计划项目(CY220124)。
关键词
生物多样性
鸟类群落
山地公园
植被特征
Biodiversity
Bird Community
Mountainous Park
Vegetation Characteristics
