摘要
“十四五”及更长时期的水生态环境保护策略,直接影响2035年生态环境根本好转、美丽中国目标基本实现。目前,我国水生态环境保护存在的主要问题有:(1)环境质量上,氮、磷等指标污染压力提升,消除黑臭水体仍需攻坚;(2)污染排放上,农业、生活源占比进一步增大;(3)“三水”统筹上,水生态问题凸显,部分河流生态流量严重不足,统筹亟须加强;(4)环境管理上,水生态环境保护的法律法规与政策机制尚不健全,治理能力与现代化要求差距较大;(5)环境风险上,突发环境事件时有发生,持久性有机污染物、新兴污染物的健康风险开始凸显。“十四五”之后,应重点把握“四个转变”,即治理重点由城市为主向城市与农村并重转变,污染控制由控源减排向全过程控制转变,生态保护修复由“三水”统筹向加强水风险的“四水”统筹转变,环境管理由水质管理向水生态管理转变。
The countermeasures of water ecological environment protection of“The 14th Five-Year Plan”and beyond directly impact whether the ecological environment will be fundamentally improved and the goal of beautiful China will be basically realized by 2035.At present,the main problems of water ecological environment protection are as follows:(1)In terms of environmental quality,the pollution pressure of nitrogen,phosphorus and other indicators has increased,and the elimination of black and odorous water still needs to be tackled;(2)In terms of pollution discharge,the proportion of agricultural and domestic sources has further increased;(3)In terms of the overall planning of the“three water”(water ecology,water environment and water resource),water ecological problems are prominent,and ecological flow of some rivers is seriously insufficient,the overall planning needs to be strengthened;(4)In terms of environmental management,the laws,regulations and policy mechanisms of water ecological environment protection are not perfect,and the governance capacity is far from the requirements of modernization;(5)In terms of environmental risk,sudden environmental events occur from time to time,and the health risks of persistent organic pollutants and emerging pollutants become highlights.After“the 14th Five-Year Plan”,we should focus on the“four changes”,that is,the focus of governance should be changed from urban to urban and rural areas,pollution control should be changed from source control and emission reduction to whole process control,ecological protection and restoration should be changed from“three water”overall planning to“four water”overall planning to strengthen water risk,and environmental management should be changed from water quality management to water ecological management.
作者
杨占红
孙启宏
王健
王深
高如泰
YANG Zhanhong;SUN Qihong;WANG Jian;WANG Shen;GAO Rutai(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《生态经济》
北大核心
2022年第7期198-204,共7页
Ecological Economy
基金
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项“国家水体污染控制与治理技术体系与发展战略”(2018ZX07701001)。
关键词
水生态环境保护
“十四五”
策略建议
water ecological and environment protection
“the 14th Five-Year Plan”
suggestions
