摘要
为了解玉渊潭湿地公园鸟类年度变化情况,2020年1月—2021年12月采用样线法和样点法对公园鸟类组成及多样性进行了调查。结果表明:共记录到鸟类139种,隶属16目44科,占北京市503种记录鸟类的27.63%,国家Ⅰ级保护动物1种,国家Ⅱ级保护动物18种。留鸟、夏候鸟、冬候鸟和旅鸟分别占17.27%、12.23%、9.35%和61.15%。麻雀、绿头鸭、灰喜鹊、喜鹊、鸳鸯和燕雀为优势种。记录到燕隼连续2年在公园繁殖成功。鸟类种数在春季最多,秋季次之,夏季最低,鸟类总数量冬季最高。5月鸟类多样性指数最高,6月鸟类均匀度指数最高。湿地保育区和樱花园的鸟类种数最为丰富。营造生态岛、洼地等生境、提高林地郁闭度、增加食源植物、控制游客数量,有利于保护湿地公园鸟类多样性。
In order to understand the annual changes of numbers and species of birds in Yuyuantan wetland park,we conducted a series of bird surveys focused on wild bird diversity using line transect and point-count sampling methods from January 2020 to December 2021.We recorded a total of 139 bird species belonging to 44 families of 16 orders,which accounted for 27.63%of the 503 bird species recorded to date in Beijing.Among the 139 bird species,1 and 18 species are respectively the class I and II priority animals for national protection.Residents,summer vistors,winter visitors and passage migrants accounted for 17.27%,12.23%,9.35%and 61.15%respectively of the recorded bird species.Tree sparrow(Passer montanus),mallard(Anasplaty rhynchos),azure-winged magpie(Cyanopica cyanus),Eurasian magpie(Pica pica),mandarin duck(Aix galericulata)and brambling(Fringilla montifringilla)were dominant species.The successful breedings of Eurasian Hobby(Falco subbuteo)were recorded for two consecutive years in the park.The largest number of bird species is observed in spring,followed by the number in autumn,and the smallest number observed in summer.The largest total number of bird populations was observed in winter.Surveys also showed that the bird species diversity index is the highest in May,and evenness index is the highest in June.The Cherry garden and the Reserve area in the wetland have the most diversified bird species.Therefore,construction of ecological islands and marshes,increasing forest canopy closure,planting edible plants for birds,controlling human disturbance are effective measures to conserve bird diversity in Yuyuantan wetland park.
作者
梁莹
孙玉红
王占深
郑屏
郑元元
崔多英
纪翔
郭闻宁
LIANG Ying;SUN Yu-hong;WANG Zhan-shen;ZHENG Ping;ZHENG Yuan-yuan;CUI Duo-ying;JI Xiang;GUO Wen-ning(Yuyuantan Park,Beijing 100142,China;Friend of Nature,Beijing 100029,China;Beijing Zoo,Beijing 100044,China)
出处
《湿地科学与管理》
2022年第3期21-25,共5页
Wetland Science & Management
基金
玉渊潭公园鸟类多样性与游客观鸟情况调查研究(zx2020030)。
关键词
城市湿地
玉渊潭公园
鸟类组成
多样性
Urbanwetland
Yuyuantanpark
Species composition of birds
Species diversity
