摘要
水库蓄水后,其下泄水温与天然水温存在明显的差异,会对下游河道水生生物特别是鱼类的生存繁殖产生直接影响,降低物种多样性,因此需要采取措施提高下泄水温。以浙江省滩坑水库为研究对象,建立了坝前三维水温模型,并利用实测垂向水温数据进行率定验证;然后,基于下游水生生物水温需求,探讨水库分层取水调度方案以改善河道水温。结果表明:水库各月份下泄水温与天然水温的温差在-8.3~0.2℃之间;通过一维水温模型对坝下游河段进行水温模拟,发现近坝段水温均不能满足土著鱼类特别是国家一级保护动物鼋产卵期水温需求;采用叠梁门分层取水措施,可使得鼋自然保护区处夏季各月下泄水温保持在18℃以上,可使国家一级保护动物鼋产卵期恢复到6~8月份。研究成果对水库生态调度具有参考价值。
After impoundment of a reservoir, there is an obvious difference between the discharged water temperature and the natural water temperature, which directly impacts the survival and reproduction of aquatic organisms, especially fish, and reduce species diversity.Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to increase the discharged water temperature.In this paper, taking Tankeng Reservoir in Zhejiang Province as the research object, a three-dimensional numerical model for water temperature in front of the dam was established.The model firstly was calibrated and verified by the measured vertical water temperature data.Then, based on the water temperature demand of the downstream aquatic organisms, the stratified water intake operation scheme of the reservoir was discussed to improve the water temperature of the river.The results showed that the temperature difference between the discharged water temperature and the natural water temperature of the reservoir in each month ranged from-8.3 °C to 0.2 ℃.By simulating the water temperature in the downstream section of the dam with one-dimensional water temperature model, it was found that the water temperature near the dam section can not meet the water temperature demand of indigenous fish, especially the first-class national protected animal Pelochelys cantorii during spawning period.By adopting the stratified water intake measures of stoplog gate, the water temperature in each month of summer in the Pelochelys cantorii nature reserve was above 18 ℃,and the spawning period of Pelochelys cantorii can be restored to June to August.The research results have guiding significance for the ecological operation of the reservoir.
作者
叶舟
龚梦园
YE Zhou;GONG Mengyuan(School of Marine Engineering Equipment,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
2022年第6期105-110,共6页
Yangtze River
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目“耦合激励相容机制的区域水资源优化配置机理与模型研究”(51979249)。
关键词
水库水温
水生生物
下泄低温水
分层取水
叠梁门
滩坑水库
water temperature of reservoir
aquatic organisms
low temperature discharged water
stratified water intake
stoplog gate
Tankeng Reservoir
