摘要
商业特许经营是商事合同创新的典范。商标等知识产权许可是特许经营权的核心规范构造。许可中所有与控制的分离既是特许人合理控制权的来源,又是诱发投机行为的渊薮。特许经营合同介于组织与契约之间,利益结构上竞利与互利并存,给付架构上重在手段性给付与目的性给付的动态协调,与传统交换性契约大异其趣。面对特许人侵害特许经营权争讼,传统合同法路径遵循形式逻辑的法律理性,以契约规范为转轴笃力合同权利的可计算性,将新增门店权利的厘清作为首要目标。然而,以个别性、交换性合同为蓝本构建的普通私法规范机制僵化套用于兼具共生性、组织性、契约群特性的现代商事契约,陷于规范机制与交易实践脱节的困境。尤其,从商业关系的视角,相较于严格解释与适用合同条款,双方对灵活性与合作的预期更具优位性。因此,一方面基于特许经营权商标许可构造,宜以许可类型为基础实现差序保护。另一方面基于特许经营关系独特品性与商业关系考量,普通私法规范的适用应予调整。从而因案制宜妥适划定特许人合理控制权与投机行为的动态边界。
Franchise is a model of commercial contract innovation.Intellectual property licensing,such as trademark licensing,is the core normative structure of franchise.The separation of ownership and control in the license is not only the source of reasonable control of the franchisor,but also a trigger for opportunistic behaviors.The franchise agreement is located in the intermediate ground between the organization and the contract,with the coexistence of both competitive interest and mutual benefit.In addition,instrumental prestation and purpose prestation are dynamically coordinated in the franchise agreement,which is significantly different from exchangeable contract.Confronted with the infringement of the franchisor,the traditional route follows formal logical legal rationality,regarding the contact terms as the pivot to emphasize the calculability of contractual rights,and taking the clarification of the rights of new stores as the primary goal.Nonetheless,the application of the common private law,which is based on individually exchangeable contracts,to the modern commercial contracts,which are characterized by Symbiotic,organizational and contract group,will lead to the disconnection between regulations and transactional practices.Specifically,from the perspective of commercial relationship,the expectation of flexibility and cooperation will take the priority over the rigid interpretation and application of contract terms for the relevant parties.Therefore,on the one hand,different levels of protection are proposed based on the structure and the according types of trademark licenses.On the other hand,the application of common private law is proposed to be adjusted on the basis of the special character of franchising relationship and the consideration of commercial relationship.Only in this way can the dynamic boundaries between the reasonable control of the franchisor and opportunistic behavior be outlined on a case-by-case basis.
出处
《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期102-120,共19页
Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
中国法学会民法学研究会青年学者研究项目“营商环境视阈下商业特许经营信息披露制度研究”(2020MFXH008)
国家社会科学基金优秀博士论文项目“显失公平规范论”(19FFXY008)
广州市哲学社科十四五规划课题“广州融入国家重大区域发展战略研究”(2022GZYB56)。
关键词
商业特许经营
商标许可
共生交易
非典型商事合同
Franchising
Trademark licensing
Symbiotic transaction
Atypical commercial contract
