摘要
氢气是重要的工业原料和清洁燃料,氢气分离具有重要的经济和社会价值;膜分离法装置结构简单、转换高效、投资成本低且环境友好,在氢气分离领域应用前景广阔;氢气分离膜的性能是影响氢气分离过程效率的决定性因素,因而氢气分离膜技术研究一直是国内外膜领域的热点方向。本文阐述了氢气分离膜的应用需求、基本机理,系统梳理了致密金属膜、无机多孔膜、金属‒有机框架(MOF)膜、有机聚合物膜、混合基质膜的研究进展。研究发现,尽管无机多孔膜、有机聚合物膜、混合基质膜等具有良好的氢气分离纯化性能,但在分布式、小型化的应用场景下的分离性能仍待改进提高;提高钯基金属膜的抗毒化性能、优化膜的性价比,是促进工业应用的有效手段;整合无机多孔膜、MOF膜的优点,可促进分子筛分机制膜的性能跃升;有机聚合物膜的耐温、机械等性能仍需提高;对现有高分子膜材料进行改性、制备高分子合金,是开发新型气体分离膜的重要方向;混合基质膜在进行可控调节排布后,将显著提高膜性能。多种氢气分离膜的研究和应用,支撑了氢气分离纯化过程的发展,在材料种类丰富、制备工艺进步后将发挥更大的工程价值。
Hydrogen is a significant industrial raw material and clean fuel,and hydrogen separation has significant social and economic values.Membrane separation has a wide application prospect in hydrogen separation as it uses simple devices,is environmentally friendly,and has high conversion efficiency and low cost of investment.Hydrogen separation membranes remain a research focus as their performance is the major factor that determines hydrogen separation efficiency.This study summarized the application demand and basic mechanism of hydrogen separation membranes and reviewed the research progress of dense metal,porous inorganic,metal-organic framework(MOF),organic polymer,and hybrid matrix membranes.Specifically,although porous inorganic,organic polymer,and hybrid matrix membranes have good hydrogen separation and purification performances,their separation performance still requires improvement when they are applied in distributed and small application scenarios.Improving the anti-poisoning performance of palladium-based metal membranes and optimizing the cost-effectiveness are effective ways to promote industrial application of membranes.Combining the advantages of porous inorganic and MOF membranes can facilitate the significant development of molecular sieving membranes.The high-temperature resistance and mechanical properties of organic polymer membranes require improvement.Modifying existing polymer membrane materials and preparing polymer alloys are two major directions for developing novel gas separation membranes.The performance of hybrid matrix membrane can be notably improved after controllable adjustment of its distribution.The research and application of multiple membranes has supported hydrogen separation and purification,and these membrane techniques will continue creating more engineering values once the number of available materials is increased and the preparation technologies are advanced in the future.
作者
栾永超
熊亚林
何广利
刘聪敏
李帅
Luan Yongchao;Xiong Yalin;He Guangli;Liu Congmin;Li Shuai(Shenhua Ordos Coal to Oil Branch of China Energy Group,Ordos 017209,Inner Mongolia,China;Guohua Energy Investment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100007,China;National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy,Beijing 102211,China;National Engineering Research Center of Nonferrous Metals Materials and Products for New Energy,Beijing 100088,China;GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China)
出处
《中国工程科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期140-152,共13页
Strategic Study of CAE
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFB1505000)
中国工程院咨询项目“中国氢能源与燃料电池发展战略研究”(2019-ZD-03)。
关键词
氢气分离膜
致密金属膜
无机多孔膜
金属‒有机框架膜
有机聚合物膜
混合基质膜
氢气纯化
hydrogen separation membrane
dense metal membrane
porous inorganic membrane
metal-organic framework(MOF)membrane
organic polymer membrane
hybrid matrix membrane
hydrogen purification
