摘要
20世纪下半期以来,发达资本主义社会雇员职业结构呈现出日益“白领化”的趋势,西方学术界提出了“后工业社会”等理论,认为工人阶级正在消失,阶级对立正在成为过去;而马克思主义学者则给出了截然不同的解释,强调马克思主义阶级理论的科学性和解释力。在马克思主义看来,职业结构“白领化”,归根到底与资本积累的演进有关。资本积累过程通过三种制度变化推动资本主义职业结构“白领化”:大公司的形成和发展、社会生活的市场化和国家经济职能的增强。在资本积累规律作用下,发达资本主义社会的阶级区隔仍然鲜明地存在着,资产者和无产者两大阶级不仅在劳动过程中处于不同地位,而且在收入分配、财产占有和实际生活水平上存在着显著的差异与不平等。究其实质,所谓“白领化”就是新一轮的无产阶级化。工人阶级不但没有消失,而且人数不断增多,他们仍然是推动现代发达资本主义社会发展的基本力量。
Since the second half of the 20th century, the professional structure of employees in the developed capitalist society has shown an increasingly "white-collar trend". Western academic circles have put forward theories such as "post-industrial society", which believe that the working class is disappearing and class opposition is becoming the past;Marxist scholars give different explanations, emphasizing the scientific nature and explanatory power of the Marxist class theory. According to Marxism, the "white-collar trend" of professional structure is related to the evolution of capital accumulation in the final analysis. The process of capital accumulation helps create the "white-collar trend" through three institutional changes: the formation and development of large companies, the marketization of social life and the enhancement of national economic functions. Under the influence of the law of capital accumulation, the class division of developed capitalist society still exists. The two classes of bourgeoisie and proletariat are not only in different situations in the process of labor, but also have significant differences and inequalities in income distribution, property possession and actual living standards. In essence, the so-called "white-collar trend" is a new round of proletarianization. The working class has not disappeared. On the contrary, its number is increasing. It is still the basic force for promoting the development of modern developed capitalist society.
出处
《学术前沿》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第9期39-47,共9页
Frontiers
关键词
“白领化”
大公司
资本积累
无产阶级化
"white-collar trend"
large company
capital accumulation
proletarianization
