摘要
耕作措施与施肥方式均是影响作物产量和干物质积累的重要因素,研究不同耕作与施肥方式对成熟期冬油菜产量、干物质积累及品质的影响,以期为区域冬油菜高产高效和科学施肥提供理论依据。通过2017-2018和2018-2019年2年的田间试验,以‘川油36’为试验材料,设置了免耕和旋耕两种耕作方式与肥料穴施、条施和撒施3种不同施肥方式。施肥较不施肥对照2年平均显著增产1679.72 kg·hm^(-2),增幅达200.31%,单株荚角数显著增加168.34个,增幅181.99%,油菜干物质量显著增加5593.38 kg·hm^(-2),增幅达156.69%(P<0.05);油菜产量、产油量和干物质积累量在各施肥处理中均以旋耕穴施最高,2年平均较免耕撒施(农户习惯)显著增加16.89%、17.39%和17.03%(P<0.05)。旋耕穴施处理油菜枝、角果壳和籽粒的干物质积累量较免耕撒施分别提高了28.21%、18.22%和14.45%;相同施肥条件下,旋耕较免耕产量、产油量和干物质量2年平均增加了5.40%-9.29%、1.72%-9.53%、3.73%-9.12%;相同耕作方式下,施肥方式对油菜、产油量、干物质量的影响差异显著,表现为穴施>条施>撒施,其中穴施、条施较撒施分别平均增产213.21和106.92 kg·hm^(-2),增幅8.84%和4.43%;施肥后油菜籽粒含油率降低了2.50%-7.72%,且旋耕方式降幅大于免耕;籽粒蛋白质含量提高;免耕条件下穴施较条施、撒施的籽粒产油量2年平均分别增加5.98%和13.17%,旋耕条件下穴施、条施处理分别较撒施处理2年平均增加7.57%和6.05%。在成都平原冲积土冬油菜种植区,旋耕结合肥料穴施或条施可以更好地实现冬油菜高产高效生产,实际生产中若采用免耕,可以采取穴施肥料的施用方式。
Tillage measures and fertilization methods are both important factors affecting crop yield and dry matter accumulation.The effects of different tillage and fertilization methods on yield,dry matter accumulation and quality of winter rapeseed at the mature stage were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for regional high yield,high efficiency and scientific fertilization of winter rapeseed.The field experiments were conducted in 2017~2018 and 2018~2019.Using chuanyou 36 as the experimental material,two tillage methods,no-tillage and rotary tillage,as well as three different fertilization methods,i.e.,hole application,band application and broadcast application were set up.Compared with the control group,fertilization increased the yield by an average of 1679.72 kg·hm^(-2),with an increase of 200.31%;pod angle per plant increased by 168.34,with an increase of 181.99%;dry matter of rape increased by 5593.38 kg·hm^(-2),with a significant increase of 156.69%(P<0.05).The yield,oil production and dry matter accumulation of rapeseed of rotary tillage with hole application treatment were the highest in all fertilization treatments,and the two-year average was significantly increased by 16.89%,17.39%and 17.03%than that of no-tillage(farmers’habit)(P<0.05).The dry matter accumulation of branches,nut shells and seeds under rotary tillage was 28.21%,18.22%and 14.45%higher than that under no-tillage;Under the same fertilization conditions,the yield,oil production and dry matter of rotary tillage increased by 5.40%~9.29%,1.72%~9.53%and 3.73%~9.12%on average.Under the same tillage method,the effects of fertilization on rape,oil production and dry matter were significantly different,which showed as hole application>band application>broadcast application,the average yield of hole application and band application treatments increased by213.21 and 106.92 kg·hm^(-2),with an increase of 8.84%and 4.43%,respectively,compared with that of hole application treatment.After fertilization,the oil content of rapeseed seed decreas
作者
杨泽鹏
门胜男
刘定辉
陈尚洪
郑盛华
万柯均
敖玉琴
王昌桃
沈学善
梁圣
陈红琳
YANG Ze-peng;MEN Sheng-nan;LIU Ding-hui;CHEN Shang-hong;ZHENG Sheng-hua;WAN Ke-jun;AO Yu-qin;WANG Chang-tao;SHEN Xue-shan;LIANG Sheng;CHEN Hong-lin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu Sichuan 610066)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期140-147,共8页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200903)
四川省财政基因工程项目(2016ZYPZ-013)
国家现代农业产业技术体系四川油菜创新团队项目(sccxtd-2020-03)。
关键词
冬油菜
耕作措施
施肥方式
产量
品质
干物质积累
winter rapeseed
tillage
fertilization
yield
quality
dry matter accumulation
