摘要
目的研究上海市虹口区老年艾滋病感染者社会脆弱性现状及其影响因素。方法选择2021年4月—2021年7月在上海市虹口区随访管理的现存活人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者和患者(people living with HIV/AIDS,PLWHA)中,按照60岁以上、在本区居住至少6个月以上和知情同意的标准筛选调查对象(老年PLWHA),开展一对一问卷调查,调查内容包括社会家庭支持情况、就医情况和歧视感知情况。结果符合入组标准的老年PLWHA共100例,均有收入来源,退休金占比最多86例(86%),99例(99%)的老年PLWHA有医疗保险,未发现由经济困难带来的脆弱性。55例(55%)老年PLWHA选择将感染状况告知亲属,4例(7%)在把自己的感染状况告知亲属后受到了歧视。58例(58%)老年PLWHA有到非定点医院就诊的经历,2例(3%)遭到拒诊。老年PLWHA认为社会对艾滋病患者歧视最多领域为就医[79例(79%)],最多群体是邻居[62例(62%)]。有71例(71%)老年PLWHA遭遇过歧视,但是选择什么也不做,主要原因是不敢求助和害怕泄露隐私[30例(42%)]。结论提高家庭告知技巧,消除家庭歧视有利于提高老年PLWHA治疗依从性;今后的随访管理工作中,要注意关怀文化程度较低的患者和未婚无配偶的患者;加强医务人员艾滋病知识的培训和综合性医院与艾滋病定点医院之间的交流学习,减少拒诊情况;积极改变以往艾滋病的宣传方式,将有利于更好地开展艾滋病防治工作。
Objective To study the social vulnerability of elderly people infected with AIDS in Hongkou district of Shanghai city and its influencing factors.Methods Among the people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA)who were followed up and managed in Hongkou district of Shanghai city from April 2021 to July 2021,the survey subjects(elderly PLWHAs)were selected according to the criteria of over 60 years old,living in this district for at least 6 months and informed consent.A one-to-one questionnaire survey was carried out,and the survey contents included social and family support,medical treatment and perception of discrimination.Results There were a total of 100 elderly PLWHAs who met the inclusion criteria.They all had sources of income,of which the proportion of pension accounted for the most(86 cases,86%),and 99 cases(99%)had medical insurance.No vulnerability caused by economic difficulties was found.55 cases(55%)of elderly PLWHAs chosen to inform their relatives of their infection status,and 4 ones(7%)were discriminated against after informing their relatives of their infection status.58 cases(58%)of elderly PLWHAs had the experience of visiting non-designated hospitals,and 2 ones(3%)were refused treatment.The elderly PLWHAs believed that the most social discrimination against AIDS patients was medical treatment(79 cases,79%),and the largest group was neighbors(62 cases,62%).71 cases(71%)of elderly PLWHAs experienced discrimination,but chosen to do nothing,mainly because they were afraid to ask for help and disclose their privacy(30 cases,42%).Conclusion Improving family informing skills and eliminating family discrimination are conducive to improving the treatment compliance of elderly PLWHAs.In the future follow-up management,attention should be paid to patients with low education level and unmarried patients without spouse.The training of medical staff on AIDS knowledge and the exchange and study between general hospitals and designated AIDS hospitals should be strengthened to reduce the refusal of medical treatment.Activ
作者
陈坤
梁敏红
张晶
傅洁
Chen Kun;Liang Minhong;Zhang Jing;Fu Jie(Department of Chronic Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai,200082,P.R.China;AIDS Department of Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai,200336,P.R.China)
出处
《老年医学与保健》
CAS
2022年第2期406-409,共4页
Geriatrics & Health Care
基金
上海市虹口区卫生健康委员会科研课题计划资助(虹卫2002-25)
上海市虹口区疾病预防控制中心优秀人才培养项目(JKZX-2019-01)。
关键词
老年
艾滋病
感染病
社会脆弱性
elderly
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
infectious disease
social vulnerability
