摘要
麻黄为常用的发散风寒药,药用历史悠久。通过查阅历代本草、医籍和方书,笔者拟对经典名方所用麻黄的名称、基原、药用部位、产地、采收加工及炮制方法进行本草考证,以期为相关经典名方的开发提供依据。经考证可知,古代麻黄药材主流基原为麻黄科草麻黄Ephedra sinica。药用部位为麻黄的草质茎。南北朝以前著录的产地为“晋地”和“河东”,即今山西省;南北朝及后世产地范围变大,现主要分布于河北、山西、陕西、内蒙古、甘肃、辽宁等地,其中内蒙古为主产区。历代采收加工方法均为秋季采收其茎,阴干或晾至7~8成干时再晒干。历代炮制方法主要有去节生用、酒炙、蜜炙、醋制等,现仅蜜炙法仍在使用。基于考证结果,建议经典名方中的麻黄选取麻黄科草麻黄E.sinica为基原,以其干燥草质茎入药,未注明炮制要求的建议以生品入药。
Ephedrae Herba is a commonly used medicine for dispersing wind and cold,which has a long medicinal history.By referring to the herbal literature,medical books and prescription books,this paper intends to carry out herbal textual research on the name,origin,medicinal part,producing area,harvesting and processing methods of Ephedrae Herba in famous classical formulas,in order to provide the basis for the development of relevant famous classical formulas.According to textual research,the main base of ancient Ephedrae Herba was Ephedra sinica.The medicinal part is the herbaceous stems of Ephedrae Herba.Before the Northern and Southern dynasties,the origin of the records was Jindi and Hedong,which is now Shanxi province.In the Northern and Southern dynasties and later generations,the producing area expanded,and now it is mainly distributed in Hebei,Shanxi,Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Liaoning and other places,among which Inner Mongolia is the main producing area.The harvesting and processing methods in the past dynasties are to harvest the stems in autumn,dry them in the shade or air to 70%-80%dry,and then dry them in the sun.The processing methods in the past dynasties mainly include removing the knots,wine-fried,honey-fried,processing with vinegar and so on,at present,only honey-fried is still in use.Based on the research results,it is suggested that Ephedrae Herba in famous classical formulas should be selected the dry herbaceous stems of E.sinica.If the processing requirements are not indicated,it is suggested to use raw products of Ephedrae Herba.
作者
李恒阳
丁笑颖
张丹
安琪
金艳
詹志来
郑玉光
LI Heng-yang;DING Xiao-ying;ZHANG Dan;AN Qi;JIN Yan;ZHAN Zhi-lai;ZHENG Yu-guang(Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province,College of Pharmacy,Hebei University of Chinese Medicine,Shijiazhuang 050200,China;Sate Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College,Shijiazhuang 050026,China)
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期102-110,共9页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
中央财政公共卫生专项“中药资源普查项目”(Z135080000022)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)
河北省自然科学基金项目(H2018423029,H2021423017)
河北省第二期现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(HBCT2018060205)
河北中医学院校内课题(KTY2019081,2018128654)
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711401)
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702)。
关键词
经典名方
麻黄
本草考证
药用部位
采收加工
炮制方法
基原
famous classical formulas
Ephedrae Herba
hebral textual research
medicinal part
harvesting and processing
processing methods
origin
