摘要
【目的】为寻求小麦抗穗发芽种质资源的收集新途径,研究大田落粒实生麦苗的抗穗发芽特性并阐明其遗传背景。【方法】分别于7月1-31日、8月1-31日、9月1日-10月10日3个时间段分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ批收集大田落粒实生麦苗,于10月中旬集中移栽入观察圃。【结果】通过生长一致性观察发现第Ⅰ批有93%落粒实生麦苗的几个直观农艺性状与前茬种植的小麦品种一致而第Ⅱ、Ⅲ批落粒实生麦苗几个直观的农艺性状表现各异;穗发芽指数测定发现第Ⅰ批94.1%的落粒实生麦苗都感穗发芽,只有3.6%和2.3%表现为中抗和抗,第Ⅱ、Ⅲ批中100%的落粒实生麦苗穗发芽抗性都在中抗以上且随着收集批次的靠后高级别穗发芽抗性占比越高;通过对抗穗发芽落粒实生麦苗生长环境因素的分析然后进行人工远缘杂交验证,发现收集落粒实生麦苗大田中的节节麦和普通小麦人工远缘杂交结实率为5%,这充分证明大田中的节节麦和普通小麦发生自然杂交结实的可能性;利用SSR分子标记对10株高抗穗发芽落粒实生麦苗、节节麦以及近10年同一地块种植过的小麦品种进行检测与分析,引物Xgdm33、Xgwm52在10株高抗穗发芽落粒实生麦苗基因组DNA中不仅检测到了大量的来源于节节麦的DNA片段同时也检测到与前期种植过小麦品种同源的DNA片段,从分子水平证明大田抗穗发芽落粒实生麦苗是生长于大田中的节节麦与以往种植过的小麦品种是自然杂交的后代。【结论】通过收集大田落粒实生麦苗可以获得小麦高抗穗发芽种质资源。
【Objective】The present paper aimed to look for a new way for collecting germplasm resources of wheat resistant to pre-harvest sprouting(PHS).【Method】TheⅠ,ⅡandⅢbatches of the seedlings of wheat grain left in the field from July 1 to July 31,August 1 to August 31 and September 1 to October 10 were collected,which were transplanted into observation nursery and in the middle of October,respectively.【Result】Through the observation of growth consistency,it was found that 93% of the seedlings of wheat grain left in field in theⅠbatch had the same direct agronomic traits as the wheat varieties planted in the previous crop,while the direct agronomic traits in theⅡandⅢ batches were different.It was found that 94.1%of theⅠbatch of the seedling of wheat grain left in the field were susceptible to sprouting,and only 3.6% and 2.3% of the seedlings were moderately resistant and resistant,all of theⅡandⅢbatches of the seedling of wheat grain left in the field showed higher resistance to PHS than the middle level,and the later the collection batch was,the higher the proportion of high resistance PHS single ear was;Through the analysis of growth environment factors of wheat seedling with resistance to PHS,then artificial distant hybridization was carried out,it was found that the seed setting rate of artificial distant hybridization between Aegilops tauschii Coss grown in the same field as the wheat seedlings and common wheat was 5%,which fully proved the possibility of natural cross between A.tauschii and Triticum aestivum in the field;Detecting and analyzing the genomic DNA of ten wheat seedlings with the highest resistance to PHS,A.tauschii Coss,wheat varieties which were mainly cultivated near 10 years in the same field,the primers Xgdm33 and Xgwm52 not only detected a large number of DNA fragments from A.tauschii Coss,but also detected DNA fragments homologous to the previously planted wheat varieties,it was proved that the seedling of wheat grain left in the field was the offspring of natural hy
作者
张希太
肖磊
董策
ZHANG Xi-tai;XIAO Lei;DONG Ce(Biotechnology Research Laboratory of Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Handan,Hebei 056001,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期1016-1022,共7页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
邯郸市科技发展计划项目(1212101018Z-8)
邯郸市科技发展计划项目(20312904011)。
关键词
落粒实生麦苗
抗穗发芽
穗发芽抗性
遗传背景
节节麦
远缘杂交
自然杂交
Seedling of wheat grain left in the field
Resistance to pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)
Resistant to pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)
Genetic background
Aegilops tauschii Coss
Distant hybridization
Natural hybridization
