摘要
退耕还湿是中国平原区湿地恢复的重要措施,水文条件是湿地恢复过程重要的非生物驱动因子。2017年、2018年和2020年每年的6~8月(植物生长旺期),在黑龙江省三江国家级自然保护区的实验区,对2014年实施退耕还湿的10块大豆地(旱田)和5块水稻田(水田)以及5块自然湿地,进行了植物调查。研究了自然恢复的退耕还湿地植物群落的演替动态,分析了退耕农田与自然湿地水文连通对退耕还湿地植物群落演替的影响。研究结果表明,2017年,在退耕大豆地中,共记录了20科43属50种植物,其优势植物物种为酸模(Rumex acetosa)和稗(Echinochloa crus-galli);2018年,共记录了22科39属46种植物,其优势植物种为华北剪股颖(Agrostis clavata)和蒌蒿(Artemisia selengensis);2020年,此时退耕大豆地已经与自然湿地实现了水文连通,共记录了17科25属28种植物,优势植物物种为小叶章(Deyeuxia angustifolia)和荸荠(Heleocharis dulcis)。2017年,在退耕水稻田中,共记录了22科37属44种植物,其优势植物物种为灰绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum)、一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)和大羽叶鬼针草(Bidens radiata);2018年,共记录了21科44属57种植物,其优势植物物种为狼杷草(Bidens tripartita)、稗、泽漆(Euphorbia chinensis)和一年蓬;2020年,共记录了18科33属37种植物,其优势植物物种为细叶繁缕(Stellaria filicaulis)、小叶章、毛脉酸模(Rumex gmelinii)和泽漆。2017年,在自然湿地中,共记录了24科41属50种植物,其优势植物物种与退耕水稻田的相同;2018年,共记录了20科36属48种植物,其优势植物物种为狼杷草、一年蓬和大羽叶鬼针草;2020年,共记录了26科51属65种植物,其优势植物物种为毛脉酸模和泽漆。水文连通后,退耕农田中的一年或二年生草本植物物种数量明显减少;退耕水稻田的植物群落物种多样性水平提高,退耕大豆地的植物群落物种多样性水平降低,自然湿地的植物群落物种多样�
Farmland-to-wetland conversion is an important strategy for wetland restoration in plain areas of China. Hydrological connectivity is a critical abiotic driving factor for the conversion. The plant surveys were carried out from June to August each year in 2017, 2018 and 2020 respectively. The study areas included converted farmlands including 10 soybean fields(dry fields), 5 rice fields(abandoned in 2014), and 5 natural wetlands in the Sanjiang National Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang province. The aim of this study was to study the succession dynamics of plant communities in naturally restored wetlands from previous soybean and rice fields, and analyze the influence of hydrological connectivity between returning farmlands and natural wetlands. The results showed that for the wetlands from previous soybean fields, 50 plant species belonging to43 genera and 20 families were recorded in with the dominant species of Rumex acetosa and Echinochloa crusgalli in 2017;and 46 species of plants belonging to 39 genera and 22 families were recorded, with the dominant species of Agrostis clavata and Artemisia selengensis in 2018, and 28 plant species belonging to 25genera, 17 families were recorded with the dominant species of Deyeuxia angustifolia and Heleocharis dulcis in 2020 after the wetlands from previous farmlands had been hydrologically connected to the natural wetlands. For the wetlands from previous paddy fields, 44 plant species belonging to 37 genera, 22 families were recorded with the dominant species of Chenopodium glaucum, Erigeron annuus and Bidens radiata in2017;and 57 plants species belonging to 44 genera, 21 families were recorded with the dominant species of Bidens tripartita, Echinochloa crusgalli, Euphorbia chinensis and Erigeron annuus in 2018;and 37 species of plants belonging to 33 genera, 18 families were recorded with the dominant species of Stellaria filicaulis,Deyeuxia angustifolia, Rumex gmelinii and Euphorbia chinensis in 2020. For the natural wetlands, 50 plants species belonging to 41 genera 2
作者
李亚晓
武海涛
芦康乐
管强
LI Yaxiao;WU Haitao;LU Kangle;GUAN Qiang(Key Laboratory Wetland Ecology and Environment,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,Jilin,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China)
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期176-187,共12页
Wetland Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2083和41871099)
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210509037RQ)资助。
关键词
植物群落
演替
退耕还湿
水文连通
plant community
succession
farmland-to-wetland conversion
hydrological connectivity
