摘要
含蜡原油在管道输送过程中会面临原油流动性降低、管壁结蜡等问题,使得管输工艺的动力费用增加、清管周期缩短,严重时会造成管道堵塞风险。向含蜡原油中添加一定剂量的降凝剂,可适当改善原油流动性,减小管道沿程摩阻损失,有助于降低管道运行风险、减小投资。针对管输原油工程添加降凝剂的应用及研究现状,简述了含蜡原油降凝剂的主要类型及作用机制,论述了降凝剂在工程实例中的应用效果,比较了加剂与加热、掺混油综合运行的方案,指出了目前存在的降凝剂稳定性不足、原油对所加剂的感受性不强等问题,最后提出了降凝剂需向新型材料、普适性方向发展,管输应用方案需由单一化向综合化转变。
During the pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil,there will be problems such as reduced crude oil fluidity and wax deposition on the pipe wall,which will increase the power cost of the pipeline transportation process,reduce the pigging cycle,and cause the risk of pipeline blockage in severe cases.Adding a certain amount of pour point depressant to waxy crude oil will appropriately improve the fluidity of crude oil,reduce frictional loss along the pipeline,and help reduce pipeline operation risks and economic investment.Aiming at the application and current research status of adding pour point depressants in pipeline crude oil projects,this paper briefly introduced the main types and action mechanisms of pour point depressants to waxy crude oil.The application effects of pour point depressants in engineering examples were discussed,as well as the research on the comprehensive operation of additive,heating and blending oil.The existing problems of insufficient stability of pour point depressants and low sensitivity of crude oil to the additives were pointed out.Finally,it is expected that the pour point depressant needs to be developed in the direction of new materials and universality,and the pipeline transportation application plan needs to be transformed from a single to a comprehensive one.
作者
高志敏
全青
GAO Zhimin;QUAN Qing(College of Petroleum Engineering,Xi'an Shiyou University,Xi'an 710065,China)
出处
《精细石油化工进展》
CAS
2022年第2期20-25,共6页
Advances in Fine Petrochemicals
关键词
降凝剂
输油管道
含蜡原油
易凝高黏原油
pour point depressant
pipeline for transporting crude oil
waxy crude oil
high-pour-point and viscous crude oil
