摘要
除了与正义不相容、要求过高等这些常见的批评之外,功利主义面临的另一个常为人忽视的批评就是其忽略完整性。完整性意味着人们大部分时间都坚定持有但需要在特定时刻做出修正的本源性承诺或计划。而功利主义所秉持的功利最大化诉求会要求人们放弃体现人们完整性的承诺或计划。面对这一完整性的批评,功利主义的同情者或辩护者从“受以行为者为中心限制式功利主义”“精致式功利主义”“完整性式功利主义”以及“功利主义居优”等角度出发为它进行完整性辩护。然而,国内学术界对这些辩护路径并不是非常清楚,为了深入理解这些辩护路径,我们一方面需要明确它们具体的论点,另一方面也需要明确其辩护的限度。
Utilitarianism is often charged with being incompatible with justice and being demanding.Besides,it is usually ignored that it cannot pay attention to integrity,which is often criticized.Integrity means that,in most times,people steadily hold and sometimes revise their own commitments and plans.However,the maximization principle of utilitarianism asks people to give up their integrity commitments or plans.The components of utilitarianism usually defend it through the ways of agent-centered restriction utilitarianism approach,sophisticated utilitarianism approach,integrity utilitarianism approach,and utilitarianismpriority approach.However,in order to comprehensively understand such important topic,we should not be aware of the meanings of each approach but also their limits.
作者
张继亮
Zhang Jiliang(College of Humanities and Art,Northeastern University,Shenyang,110169)
出处
《哲学评论》
2021年第1期246-262,共17页
Wuda Philosophical Review
基金
中央高校基本科研业务经费(63192203)的阶段性成果
“天津市高校习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究联盟成果”。
