摘要
为研究秸秆覆盖对黑土区土壤水热及大豆生长状况的影响,以垦丰16为试验材料,基于大田试验,分别设置秸秆表面覆盖(T1),0~10 cm土层秸秆还田覆盖(T2),10~20 cm土层秸秆还田覆盖(T3)和无秸秆覆盖(CK)4种处理。通过测定大豆生育期内的耕作层土壤温度及含水率,以及大豆株高、茎粗和叶面积等生长指标,对比分析不同秸秆覆盖处理对土壤水热、大豆生长及产量等性状的影响。结果表明:大豆生育期初T1处理0~10 cm土层含水率明显高于T2及T3处理;在10~20 cm差异逐渐缩小,20~30 cm土层差异变大;秸秆覆盖会影响播种初期的出苗率,而在播种10 d后T1处理的出苗情况最好;T2处理的大豆株高、茎粗、LAI及产量表现最佳。通过统计学分析不同秸秆覆盖之间的差异,秸秆覆盖具有一定的阻碍热量传递的作用,有利于土壤含水率的提高,对大豆生长状况、光合特性及产量产生影响,0~10 cm土层秸秆还田覆盖为最佳处理。
In order to study the effects of straw mulching on soil moisture and heat,and soybean growth in black soil area of northeast China,taking Kenfeng 16 as the experimental material,based on the field experiment,four treatments were set up,including straw surface mulching(T1),straw returning mulching(T2)in 0-10 cm soil layer,straw returning mulching(T3)in 10-20 cm soil layer and no straw mulching(CK).The effects of different straw mulching on soil water and heat,soybean growth and yield were compared and analyzed by measuring the soil temperature and water content in the tillage layer during the growth period of soybean,as well as the growth indexes such as soybean plant height,stem diameter and leaf area.The results showed that,at the beginning of soybean growth period,the moisture content of 0-10 cm soil layer under T1 treatment was significantly higher than that under T2 and T3 treatments.In the 10-20 cm soil layer,the difference decreased gradually,and in the 20-30 cm soil layer,the difference became larger.Straw mulching could affect the seedling emergence rate at the early stage of sowing,but T1 treatment had the best seedling emergence at 10 days after sowing.T2 treatment had the best effect on plant height,stem diameter,LAI and yield of soybean.Combined with statistical analysis of the differences among different straw mulches,it is showed that straw mulching had a certain effect of preventing heat transfer,growth,photosynethetic characteristics and yield of soybean.The 0-10 cm soil layer with straw returned to field and mulching is the best treatment.
作者
孔凡丹
周利军
郑美玉
迟彩霞
张淑花
张春艳
杨则已
KONG Fan-dan;ZHOU Li-jun;ZHENG Mei-yu;CHI Cai-xia;ZHANG Shu-hua;ZHANG Chun-yan;YANG Ze-yi(College of Agriculture and Hydraulic Engineering,Suihua University,Suihua 152061,China;School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Suihua University,Suihua 152061,China)
出处
《大豆科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期189-195,共7页
Soybean Science
基金
2020年黑龙江省属高校基本科研业务费科研项目(YWK10236200201)。
关键词
秸秆覆盖
大豆
生长
产量
straw mulching
soybean
growth
yield
