摘要
唐会昌三年(843),唐武宗灭摩尼教,《闽书》记载有呼禄法师者,来入福唐(福清)。摩尼教由是输入福建。学界一般认为“呼禄”即中古波斯语xrōhxwān(呼嚧唤)之音译,笔者撰文认为“呼嚧唤”为官号,不可与作为教界职称的“法师”并用,认为“呼禄”当为古突厥语Qutluγ的音译,意为“吉祥”。但此说受到学界质疑。近期于福建福清市发现的摩尼教抄本《普度科仪》恰好有“东土摩呼禄慕阇”之记载,可与《闽书》相呼应。“呼禄慕阇”,如果将“呼禄”解释为“呼嚧唤”,则“呼禄慕阇”就等同于“呼嚧唤慕阇”。慕阇和呼嚧唤同为摩尼教官号,前者为最高级别,呼嚧唤则地位较低,两者相差很大无法并列用作人名,足证“呼禄”不可能为波斯语摩尼教官号“呼嚧唤”音译的推论是可信的。扬州出土《唐故李府君墓志并序》中的罗呼禄、摩呼禄父子,虽为波斯人,但不应与摩尼教有什么关联。福清本《香空宝忏》中的忏悔文、十戒等内容与回鹘文本《摩尼教徒忏悔词》相似度极高,有助于进一步证实福建摩尼教是由回鹘高僧呼禄法师始传的。“呼禄慕阇”又被称作“嗣教明师”,当指法师将波斯摩尼教转化为中土摩尼教,具有继往开来的身份,能具备这一身份者唯有开摩尼教于福建之回鹘高僧“呼禄法师”可担当之。
In the third year of Tang Huichang(843),Wuzong eliminated Manichaeism,and"Book of Fujian"records that Master Hulu came to Futang(Fuqing).Manichaeism was then introduced into Fujian.Scholars generally believe that"Hulu"is the transliteration of the Persian xrōhxwān(huluhuan)in the Middle Ages.We have proposed that"Huluhuan"is an official position that cannot be used together with"Master"as one title in the religious world.It is believed that"Hulu"should be a transliteration of the ancient Turkic language Qutlu?,which means"auspicious".But this view has been questioned by some scholars.The Manichaeus manuscript"Pudu Keyi"recently discovered in Fuqing City,Fujian happens to have the record of"Dongtumo Hulu Mushe",which can be echoed in the"Book of Fujian"."Hulu Mushe",if"Hulu"is interpreted as"Huluhuan",then"Hulu Mushe"is equivalent to"Huluhuan Mushe".Mushe and Huluhuan are both the official title of Manichaeism.The former is the highest rank,while Huluhuan is the lower one.The difference between the two is too great to be used as a person’s name side by side.So,it is sufficient to prove the inference that"Hulu"cannot be the official title for Persian Manichaeism proposed previously is credible.The father and son of Luohulu and Mohulu in"The Epitaph of Li Fujun of the Tang Dynasty"unearthed in Yangzhou,although they are Persians,they should not have anything to do with Manichaeism.The repentance text and ten precepts in the Fuqing version of"Xiangkongbao Confession"are very similar to the Uyghur text"Confessions of Manichaeans",which is helpful to further prove that Fujian Manichaeism was transmitted by the Uighur monk Hulu Master."Hulu Mushe"is also known as"Shijiao Mingshi",which should refer to the master who transformed Persian Manichaeism into Middle-earth Manichaeism,and had the identity of continuing the past and opening up the future.So after all,only the Uyghur eminent monk"Hulu Master"in Fujian can be appropriate for this identity.
作者
杨富学
熊一玮
Yang Fuxue;Xiong Wei
出处
《西域研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期137-144,172,共9页
The Western Regions Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“敦煌中外关系史料的整理与研究”(项目编号:19ZDA198)阶段性成果。
