摘要
已证实猕猴桃花粉是溃疡病远距离传播的主要途径之一。研究^(60)Co-γ辐照、臭氧、紫外、微波、梯度水浴(35、50、80、100℃)等5种物理灭菌方法,ClO_(2)、乙蒜素、四霉素、春雷霉素、氧化亚铜、代森铵、中生菌素和纳米银等8种化学药剂杀菌方法,对猕猴桃花粉溃疡病菌杀灭率、花粉活力、坐果率、单果质量和果实品质的影响。结果表明,紫外、微波、水浴和乙蒜素、四霉素、春雷霉素、代森铵处理的杀菌率较低,且花粉活力显著降低;^(60)Co-γ辐照和ClO_(2)、中生菌素、纳米银及氧化亚铜虽可保证有效的杀菌率及花粉活力,但会造成授粉后坐果率、单果质量、大小、硬度、可溶性固形物、干物质、维生素C含量、可溶性糖及可滴定酸等显著下降;642.85 mg·m^(-3)臭氧1 h的花粉灭菌效果最佳,灭菌率达99.52%,花粉活力仅下降2.92%;坐果率、果实硬度、维生素C含量、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、果实单果质量、大小、干物质及可溶性固形物变化不大。结合成本、可操作性及环保等多因素考虑,臭氧处理是其中最有效且安全的猕猴桃花粉灭菌方法。
Pollen has been proved to be one of the main pathways for long-distance transmission of kiwifruit bacterial canker(Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae,Psa).Five physical sterilize methods including^(60)Co-γirradiation,ozone,UV,microwave,water-bath heating(35,50,80,100℃),and eight chemical sterilize methods including ClO_(2),ethylicin,tetramycin,kasugamycin,cuprous oxide,amobam,zhongshengmycin and sliver nanoparticles were applied to analyze the effect to kiwifruit pollen.The index of Psa sterilization rate,pollen viability,fruit setting rate,single fruit weight and fruit quality were analyzed.The results showed that the sterilization rate and pollen viability of partial treatments are relatively low,such as UV,microwave,water-bath heating,ethylicin,tetramycin,kasugamycin and amobam solution.Other treatments caused the index including fruit setting rate,single fruit weight,size,fruit firmness,soluble solids,dry matter,vitamin C,soluble sugar and titratable acid content decreased significantly,such as^(60)Co-γirradiation,ClO_(2),cuprous oxide,Zhongshengmycin and sliver nanoparticles.The optimum disinfection method is ozone with concentration of 642.85 mg·m^(-3) for 1 h,the Psa sterilization rate reached 99.52%while the decline rate of pollen viability was merely declined 2.92%.The fruit setting rate,fruit firmness,vitamin C,soluble sugar and titratable acid,single fruit weight,size,dry matter and soluble solids index decreased slightly without significant difference.Comprehensive analysis the cost,operability and environmental protection factors,ozone technology can be regarded as the most effective and safe method for kiwifruit pollen sterilization.
作者
李黎
冯丹丹
潘慧
李文艺
邓蕾
汪祖鹏
钟彩虹
LI Li;FENG Dandan;PAN Hui;LI Wenyi;DENG Lei;WANG Zupeng;ZHONG Caihong(CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Kiwifruit Industrial Technology,Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《园艺学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期769-777,共9页
Acta Horticulturae Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1000200)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31701974,31901980)
中国科学院科技扶贫项目(KFJ-FP-202101)
武汉市科技局前资助科技计划项目(2018020401011307)
湖北省农业科技创新行动项目。
关键词
猕猴桃
溃疡病
花粉
灭菌方法
灭菌率
活力
果实品质
kiwifruit
bacterial canker
pollen
sterilization method
sterilization rate
viability
fruit quality
