摘要
[目的]长白山自然保护区以原始林为主,森林结构复杂,稳定性好。建立自然保护区60年来,仅在2019年大规模暴发了落叶松毛虫灾害。本研究旨在对致灾状况和致灾因子进行分析。[方法]以长白山自然保护区遭受虫害的北坡森林为研究对象,设置样地,在2019年和2020年进行了监测,对森林受损和恢复情况进行了研究;并从气象条件和森林结构两个方面探究了长白山地区落叶松毛虫大暴发的原因。[结果]研究表明:(1)长白山自然保护区整体上成灾区发生比例不大,但局部受灾程度很重。虫灾区占到长白山自然保护区北坡总面积的12.5%,其中,一般灾区占21.8%,重灾区占79.2%。受灾的主要树种为鱼鳞云杉、臭冷杉、红松和长白落叶松。(2)长白山落叶松毛虫成灾区森林有所恢复,但是不同林型恢复程度差异明显。长白落叶松林受损林全部恢复,红松阔叶林中红松纯林以及海拔1100 m至1300 m云冷杉林重度受损林恢复差。(3)3种受损林型林分结构存在差异,导致3种林型虫口的密度存在差异。云冷杉针叶林竞争指数和大小比数低,树势强,虽然其多样性和混交度高,但都是针叶树种,可视为纯林,因此受害最重。红松针阔混交林竞争指数和大小比数高,树势弱,但是其多样性和混交度高,有较多的阔叶树种,因此受害程度低于云冷杉。长白落叶松林的竞争指数、混交程度、大小比数和多样性指数均为3种林型最低,由于其为先锋树种,树龄小,叶片少,虽然易遭受虫害,但虫口较少,特别是第二年受损落叶松可以恢复叶片生长,其受害程度较低。(4)2018年和2019年气象条件总体高温、干旱和日照时数多,特别是2018年秋冬气温极高和2019年春季降水极少是落叶松毛虫暴发的重要气象原因。[结论]目前长白山自然保护区林分结构和气象气候条件有利于松毛虫的爆发,可能会周期性出现。
[Objective]To analyze the disaster situation and factors inducing Dendrolimus superans outbreaks in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve(CMNR).[Method]Sample plots in the northern slope of CMNR were investigated in 2019 and 2020,including meteorological conditions,stand structures,severity of disturbance,and forest restoration.[Result]The results showed that:(1)The Dendrolimus superans disturbance area was small,which occupied 12.5%of the total area of the northern slope of CMNR and of which 21.8%was mild disturbance and 79.2%was severe disturbance.The main tree species affected were Picea jezoensis,Abies nephrolepis,Pinus koraiensis,and Larix olgensis.(2)Within the disturbance area,the recovery degree of forests varied significantly among different forest types.All the disturbed Larix olgensis forests recovered,and poor recovery occurred in pure Pinus koraiensis forests and severe disturbance forests in spruce fir forests in altitude of 1100 m to 1300 m.(3)There were significant differences in the density of insect populations in the three types of forests because of different stand structures.Despite the high diversity and mingling degree,spruce fir forests dominated by coniferous species(pure forest)with low competition index,neighborhood comparison index,and strong tree vigor,were prone to pests disaster.The competition index and neighborhood comparison index in coniferous-broad leaved Korean pine mixed forest were high and tree vigor was weak.but the forests were dominated by broad-leaved tree species with high diversity and mingling degree,and the damage degree was lower than spruce fir forests.The competition index,mingling degree index,neighborhood comparison index,and the diversity index of Larix olgensis forests were the lowest among all three forest types.Larix olgensis was a pioneer species with small tree ages and few leaves.Although it was susceptible to insect damage,the damage degree was low due to less population densities.And leaf growth of the damaged Larix olgensis forests restored in the next yea
作者
于德江
郑依国
孙晨辉
赵琛
靳英华
张立军
李金功
刘丽杰
YU De-jiang;ZHENG Yi-guo;SUN Chen-hui;ZHAO Chen;JIN Ying-hua;ZHANG Li-jun;LI Jin-gong;LIU Li-jie(Changbai Mountain Nature Conservation and Management Center,Erdaobaihe 133613,Jilin,China;Key Laboratory of Geographical Process and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountain,Ministry of Education,School of Geographical Science,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,Jilin,China;Changbai Mountain Academy of Sciences,Erdaobaihe 133613,Jilin,China)
出处
《林业科学研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期103-111,共9页
Forest Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41571078、41171072)。
关键词
落叶松毛虫
致灾状况和因子
长白山自然保护区
Dendnolimus superans Butler
disaster conditions and factors
Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve
